About this Document What is NetBSD? Dedication Changes Between The NetBSD 9 and 10 Releases Features to be removed in a later release The NetBSD Foundation Sources of NetBSD NetBSD 10.0_RC2 Release Contents NetBSD/amiga subdirectory structure Miniroot file system Binary distribution sets NetBSD/amiga System Requirements and Supported Devices Supported devices Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media Preparing your System for NetBSD installation Preparing your hard disk with HDToolBox Transferring the miniroot file system Installing the NetBSD System Booting Once your kernel boots Post installation steps Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System Once your kernel boots Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases Using online NetBSD documentation Administrivia Thanks go to Legal Mumbo-Jumbo The End
This document describes the installation procedure for
NetBSD
10.0_RC2 on the
amiga
platform.
It is available in four different formats titled
INSTALL.ext,
where
.ext
is one of
.ps, .html, .more,
or .txt:
.ps.html.moremore(1)
and
less(1)
pager utility programs.
This is the format in which the on-line
man
pages are generally presented.
.txtYou are reading the HTML version.
The NetBSD Operating System is a fully functional open-source operating system derived from the University of California, Berkeley Networking Release 2 (Net/2), 4.4BSD-Lite, and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources. NetBSD runs on many different different system architectures (ports) across a variety of distinct CPU families, and is being ported to more. The NetBSD 10.0_RC2 release contains complete binary releases for most of these system architectures, with preliminary support for the others included in source form. Please see the NetBSD website for information on them.
NetBSD is a completely integrated system. In addition to its highly portable, high performance kernel, NetBSD features a complete set of user utilities, compilers for several languages, the X Window System, firewall software and numerous other tools, all accompanied by full source code.
NetBSD is a creation of the members of the Internet community. Without the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes possible, NetBSD would not exist.
NetBSD 10.0 is dedicated to the memory of Ryo SHIMIZU, who passed away in May 2023.
Ryo's technical contributions are too many to list here in full. He was a long term contributor and worked on a lot of low-level code over various architectures, from x68k to aarch64. He also worked on various out-of-tree NetBSD items, like the IIJ git repository conversion.
The project lost an excellent technical contributor and many of us a good friend.
The NetBSD 10.0_RC2 release provides many significant changes, including support for many new devices, hundreds of bug fixes, new and updated kernel subsystems, and numerous userland enhancements. The result of these improvements is a stable operating system fit for production use that rivals most commercially available systems.
One important new feature in this release is the support for extended attributes and access controll lists on FFS file systems.
For new installations the installer will default to disable this features, so the file system is compatible with older NetBSD releases (before 10), and allow other operating systems to mount this file systems at least in read-only mode.
If you want a new installed file system to support extended attributes,
change the file system type from
``FFSv2''
to
``FFSv2ea''
in the partitioning menu.
You can also convert file systems later, using the
fsck_ffs(8)
utility.
More details are available in
this guide.
If you are upgrading from a version of NetBSD-current please also check the Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases.
It is impossible to completely summarize the massive development that
went into the
NetBSD
10.0_RC2 release.
The complete list of changes can be found in the following files:
CHANGES
CHANGES-10.0
files in the top level directory of the NetBSD 10.0 release tree.
groff(1).
Man pages are now handled with
mandoc(1),
and
groff(1)
can still be found in pkgsrc as
textproc/groff.
pf(4).
This packet filter is obsolete and unmaintained in
NetBSD.
It will be eventually removed due to possible long-standing
security issues and lack of multiprocessor support.
New installations should use
npf(7).
The
NetBSD
Foundation is a tax exempt, not-for-profit 501(c)(3) corporation
that devotes itself to the traditional goals and spirit of the
NetBSD
Project and owns the trademark of the word
``NetBSD''.
It supports the design, development, and adoption of
NetBSD
worldwide.
More information on the
NetBSD
Foundation, its composition, aims, and work can be found at:
https://www.NetBSD.org/foundation/
Refer to
mirrors
The root directory of the NetBSD 10.0_RC2 release is organized as follows:
.../NetBSD-10.0_RC2/
CHANGESCHANGES-10.0CHANGES.prevLAST_MINUTEREADME.filesimages/source/In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one directory per architecture, for each of the architectures for which NetBSD 10.0_RC2 has a binary distribution.
The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the
source
subdirectory of the distribution tree.
They contain the complete sources to the system.
The source distribution sets are as follows:
config(1)
utility.
All the above source sets are located in the
source/sets
subdirectory of the distribution tree.
The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files.
Except for the
pkgsrc
set, which is traditionally unpacked into
/usr/pkgsrc,
all sets may be unpacked into
/usr/src
with the command:
# cd / ; tar -zxpf set_name.tgz
In each of the source distribution set directories, there are files which contain the checksums of the files in the directory:
MD5SHA512The SHA512 digest is safer, but MD5 checksums are provided so that a wider range of operating systems can check the integrity of the release files.
amiga
subdirectory of the distribution:
.../NetBSD-10.0_RC2/amiga/.
It contains the following files and directories:
INSTALL.htmlINSTALL.psINSTALL.txtINSTALL.more.more
file contains underlined text using the
more(1)
conventions for indicating italic and bold display.
binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gzsets/installation/floppy/miniroot/misc/miniroot.fs/
(root) and
/usr
partitions and getting ready to extract (and possibly first
fetching) the distribution sets.
There is enough on this file system to allow you to make a SLIP or
PPP connection, configure an Ethernet, mount an NFS file system or ftp.
You can also load distribution sets from a SCSI tape or from one of
your existing
AmigaDOS
partitions.
amiga/binary/sets
subdirectory
of the
NetBSD
10.0_RC2
distribution tree, and are as follows:
/usr/include)
and the various system libraries (except the shared
libraries, which are included as part of the
base
set).
This set also includes the manual pages for
all of the utilities it contains, as well as the
system call and library manual pages.
/etc
and in several other places.
This set
must
be installed if you are installing the system from scratch, but should
not
be used if you are upgrading.
GENERIC
kernel, named
/netbsd.
You
must
install this distribution set.
/usr/share.
/rescue.
groff(1),
all related programs, and their manual pages.
NetBSD maintains its own set of sources for the X Window System in order to assure tight integration and compatibility. These sources are based on XFree86 4.5.0. Binary sets for the X Window System are distributed with NetBSD. The sets are:
The amiga binary distribution sets are distributed as gzipped tar files
named with the extension
.tgz,
e.g.
base.tgz.
The instructions given for extracting the source sets work equally
well for the binary sets, but it is worth noting that if you use that
method, the filenames stored in the sets are relative and therefore
the files are extracted
below the current directory.
Therefore, if you want to extract the binaries into your system, i.e.
replace the system binaries with them, you have to run the
tar -xzpf
command from the root directory (
/
) of your system.
NetBSD10.0_RC2 runs on any Amiga that has a 68020 or better CPU with some form of MMU, and on 68060 DraCos.
NetBSD does not, and will never, run on run on A1000, A500, A600, A1200, A2000, A4000/EC030, CDTV and CD32 systems that are not enhanced by a CPU board.
For 68020 and 68030 systems, a FPU is recommended but not required for the system utilities. 68LC040, 68040V and 68LC060 systems don't work correctly at the moment.
The minimal configuration requires around 24 MB of RAM (not including CHIPMEM!) and about 250 MB of disk space. To install the entire system requires much more disk space, and to run X or compile the system, more RAM is recommended. (24 MB of RAM will actually allow you to compile, however it won't be speedy. X really isn't usable on a 24 MB system.)
You will probably want to compile your own kernel.
GENERIC
is large and bulky in order to accommodate all people.
For example, most people's machines have an FPU, so you do not need the
bulky FPU_EMULATE option.
If you have less than 8 MB of fast memory, you should make your swap partition large, as your system will be a lot of swapping. In addition, do not place your swap partition onto a old small (and normally slow) disk!
If it's not on the above lists, there is no support for it in this release.
In particular, there are no drivers for: Blizzard III SCSI option,
Ferret SCSI, Oktagon SCSI.
Installation is supported from several media types, including:
The steps necessary to prepare the distribution sets for installation depend upon which installation medium you choose. The steps for the various media are outlined below.
Note where you place the files as you will need this later.
Once you have done this, you can proceed to the next step in the installation process, preparing your hard disk.
If your SCSI CD-ROM is connected to a supported SCSI host adapter, or it is an ATAPI cd-rom connected to the A1200/A4000 internal IDE connector, simply put the CD into the drive before installation.
Find out where the distribution set files are on the CD-ROM, DVD or USB stick.
Likely locations are
binary/sets
and
amiga/binary/sets.
(You only need to know this if you are mixing installer and installation
media from different versions - the installer will know the proper
default location for the sets it comes with).
Proceed to the instructions on installation.
Once you have this information, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading.
/etc/exports
file on the NFS server and resetting its mount daemon (mountd).
(Both of these actions will probably require superuser
privileges on the server.)
You need to know the numeric IP address of the NFS server, and, if you don't have DHCP available on your network and the server is not on a network directly connected to the machine on which you're installing or upgrading NetBSD, you need to know the numeric IP address of the router closest to the NetBSD machine. Finally, you need to know the numeric IP address of the NetBSD machine itself.
Once the NFS server is set up properly and you have the information mentioned above, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading.
If you're making the tape on a UNIX-like system, the easiest way to do so is probably something like:
# tar -cf tape_device dist_sets
where
tape_device
is the name of the tape device that
represents the tape drive you're using.
This might be
/dev/rst0,
or something similar, but it will vary from system to system.
In the above example,
dist_sets
is a list of filenames corresponding to the distribution sets that you
wish to place on the tape.
For instance, to put the
kern-GENERIC, base, and etc
distributions on tape (the absolute minimum required for installation),
you would do the following:
# cd .../NetBSD-10.0_RC2
# cd amiga/binary
# tar -cf tape_device kern-GENERIC.tgz base.tgz etc.tgz
Once you have the files on the tape, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading.
You will need an AmigaDOS hard drive prep tool to prepare your hard drives for use with NetBSD/amiga. HDToolBox is provided with the system software and on floppy installation disks since Release 2.0 of AmigaDOS, so we will provide instructions for its use.
Note that NetBSD can't currently be installed on disks with a sector size other than 512 bytes (e.g., ``640 MB'' 90mm M-O media). You can, however, mount ADOSFS partitions on such M-O's.
A full explanation of HDToolBox can be found with your AmigaDOS manuals and is beyond the scope of this document.
The first time you partition a drive, you need to set its drive type so that you have working geometry parameters. To do this you enter the ``Change drive type'' menu, and either use ``read parameters from drive'' or set them manually.
Note that you will be modifying your HD's. If you mess something up here you could lose everything on all the drives that you configure. It is therefore advised that you:
What you need to do now is partition your drives, creating at least root and swap partitions.
This should be done as the HDToolBox manual describes. One thing to note is that if you are not using a Commodore controller you will need to specify the device your SCSI controller uses, e.g., if you have a Warp Engine you would:
SCSI_DEVICE_NAME=warpdrive.device
The important things you need to do above and beyond normal partitioning include (from Partition Drive section):
/)
if you want to boot
NetBSD
directly, or the swap partition if you want
to boot the installation miniroot directly.
To make the needed changes:
root partition : 0x4e425207 (NBR\007)
swap partition : 0x4e425301 (NBS\001)
other partitions: 0x4e425507 (NBU\007)
Here
`other'
refers to other partitions you will
format for reading and writing under
NetBSD
(e.g.,
/usr)
Make sure you press
RETURN
to enter this value as some versions of HDToolBox will forget your entry
if you don't.
On the root
(/)
(and, for installation, swap) partition:
Mask and maxtransfer are not used with NetBSD.
Once this is done NetBSD/amiga will be able to recognize your disks and which partitions it should use.
Once the hard disk has been prepared for
NetBSD,
the miniroot file system
(miniroot.fs)
is transferred to the swap
partition configured during the hard disk prep (or the existing
swap partition in the case of an upgrade).
The xstreamtodev utility provided in the
amiga/installation/misc
directory can
be used on
AmigaDOS
to transfer the file system for either a new
installation or an upgrade.
The file system can also be transferred on an existing
NetBSD
system for an update by using dd.
This should only be done after booting
NetBSD
into single-user mode.
It may also be possible to shutdown to single-user, providing that
the single-user mode processes are not using the swap partition.
On AmigaDOS, run the command:
xstreamtodev --input=miniroot.fs --rdb-name=<swap partition>
where <swap partition> is the name you gave to the NetBSD partition to be used for swapping. If xstreamtodev is unable to determine the SCSI driver device name or the unit number of the specified partition, you may also need to include the option
--device=<driver.name>
and/or
--unit=<SCSI unit number>
To transfer the miniroot using NetBSD, you should be booted up in single user mode on the current NetBSD system, or use the shutdown now command to shutdown to single-user mode. Then copy the miniroot using dd:
dd if=miniroot.fs of=/dev/rsd0b
where
/dev/rsd0b
should be the device path of the swap partition
your system is configured to use.
Once the file is copied, reboot back to
AmigaDOS
to boot the upgrade kernel.
miniroot.fs
on the swap partition.
Installing NetBSD is a relatively complex process, but, if you have this document in hand and are careful to read and remember the information which is presented to you by the install program, it shouldn't be too much trouble.
Before you begin, you must have already prepared your hard disk as detailed in the section on preparing your system for install.
The following is a walk-through of the steps necessary to get
NetBSD
installed on your hard disk.
If you wish to stop the installation, you may press
CONTROL-C
at any prompt, but if you do, you'll have to
begin again from scratch.
Transfer the miniroot file system onto the hard disk partition used by NetBSD for swapping, as described in the "Preparing your System for NetBSD Installation" section above.
[This description is for V40 (OS 3.1) ROMs. For older ROMs, there might be small differences. Check your AmigaDOS documentation to learn about the exact procedure.] Using bootblocks may not work on some systems, and may require a mountable file system on others.
Reboot your machine, holding down both mouse buttons if you have a 2-button mouse, the outer mouse buttons if you have a 3-button mouse. On the DraCo, press the left mouse button instead, when the boot screen prompts you for it.
From the boot menu, select Boot Options. Select the swap partition with the miniroot, and then ok. Select Boot now. The machine will boot the bootblock, which will prompt your for a command line. You have a few seconds time to change the default. Entering an empty line will accept the default.
The bootblock uses command lines of the form:
file[ options]
where file
is the kernel file name on the partition where the
boot block is on, and
[options]
may contain the following:
If you have an AGA machine, and your monitor will handle the dblNTSC mode, you may include the -A option to enable the dblNTSC display mode.
If your machine has a fragmented physical memory space, as, e.g., DraCo machines, you should add the -n2 option to enable the use of all memory segments.
sd0 sd1, etc.)
Then you will be prompted for a root device.
At this time type
sd0b,
where
sd0
is the device which contains the swap
partition you created during the hard disk preparation.
When prompted for a dump device, answer
`none'
for the install
(normally, you would tell it one of the swap devices).
When prompted for the root file system type, confirm
`generic',
which will auto-detect it.
If the system should hang after entering the root device, try again with
netbsd -I ff -b
This disables synchronous transfer on all SCSI devices on the first bus.
The system should continue to boot.
For now ignore
``WARNING''
messages about bad dates in clocks, and a warning about
/etc/rc
not existing.
Eventually you will be be asked to enter the pathname of the shell, just press
RETURN.
After a short while, you will be asked to select the type of your keyboard.
After
you have entered a valid response here, the system asks you if
you want to install or upgrade your system.
Since you are reading the
install
section,
`i'
would be the proper response here...
The installer starts with a nice welcome messages. Read this message carefully, it also informs you of the risks involved in continuing! If you still want to go on, type `y'. The installer now continues by trying to figure out your disk configuration. When it is done, you will be prompted to select a root device from the list of disks it has found.
You should know at this point that the disks are
not
numbered according to their SCSI-ID!
The
NetBSD
kernel numbers the SCSI
drives (and other devices on the SCSI bus) sequentially as it finds them.
The drive with the lowest SCSI-ID will be called
sd0,
the next one
sd1,
etc.
Also, any ATAPI disk drives (e.g. ZIP)
will be configured as
``SCSI''
drives, too, and will be configured
before any
`real'
SCSI drives if connected to the Amiga internal port on A4000/A1200
(if any are present). Real IDE drives will be configured as
wd0,
wd1,
etc.
The installer will offer you to look at the NetBSD disk label of the disks at this point. You should do this, to find out what partition letters the NetBSD kernel assigned to the partitions you created, and as a check of whether the disk number you are going to use is right.
you are now at the point of no return.
If you confirm that
you want to install
NetBSD,
your hard drive will be modified,
and perhaps its contents scrambled at the whim of the install
program.
Type
Control-C
now
if you don't want this.
At this time, you will need to tell the installer which partition
will be associated with the different file systems.
Normally, you'll want to add a partition for
/usr,
at least.
rsdNc
or
sdNc
partitions for anything!
They are for access to the whole disk only and do
not
correspond to any Amiga partition!
The install program will now make the file systems you specified. There should be only one error per file system in this section of the installation. It will look like this:
newfs: ioctl (WDINFO): Invalid argument
newfs: /dev/rsd0a: can't rewrite disk label
If there are any others, restart from the beginning of the installation process. This error is ok as the Amiga does not write disklabels currently. You should expect this error whenever using newfs.
The install will now ask you want to configure any network information. It will ask for the machine's host name, domain name, and other network configuration information.
Since the network configuration might have lead to additional (NFS) file system entries, you get another chance to modify your fstab.
You are finally at the point where some real data will be put on your freshly made file systems. Select the device type you wish to install from and off you go....
Some notes:
nrst0).
Try
nrst0h,
nrst0m,
or
nrst0l
instead.
.'.
Next you will be asked to specify the timezone.
Just select the timezone you are in.
The installer will make the correct setup on your root file system
(/).
After the timezone-link is installed,
the installer will proceed by creating the device nodes on your
root file system under
/dev.
Be patient, this will take a while...
Next, the installer will copy your keymap settings to the new system. After this, it will copy the kernel from the installation miniroot to the newly installed / upgraded system. If the installed system already has a kernel, it will ask you for confirmation.
kern.tgz distribution set, this is an old kernel, and you should answer "y" to install a working (although restricted) INSTALL kernel.
If you did install the kern.tgz kernel, you normally should answer "n".
Finally, the installer asks you if you want to install the bootblock
code on your root disk and, if yes, what boot command it should execute.
This is a matter of personal choice and can also be done from a running
NetBSD
system.
See the
installboot(8)
manual page about how to do this.
Once the installer is done, halt the system with the
halt
command
(wait for
halted
to be displayed) and reboot.
Then again boot
NetBSD
this time selecting the root partition
(/)
from the boot menu, and tell it to boot
netbsd -s
You need to do your final tweaks now. First mount your file systems like so:
mount -av
Your system is now complete, and it is up to you to configure the rest.
You may want to start by looking at
/etc/rc.conf.
Once you are done with the rest of configuration unmount your file systems and halt your system, then reboot:
# cd /
# umount -av
# halt
Finally you can now boot your system and it will be completely functional:
netbsd
When it boots off of the hard drive, you will have a complete
NetBSD
system!
Congratulations!
(You really deserve them!!!)
Once you've got the operating system running, there are a few things you need to do in order to bring the system into a properly configured state. The most important steps are described below.
postinstall(8).
/etc/rc.conf
If you or the installation software haven't done any configuration of
/etc/rc.conf
(sysinst
normally will),
the system will drop you into single user mode on first reboot with the
message
/etc/rc.conf is not configured. Multiuser boot aborted.
and with the root file system
(/)
mounted read-only.
When the system asks you to choose a shell, simply press
RETURN
to get to a
/bin/sh
prompt.
If you are asked for a terminal type, respond with
vt220
(or whatever is appropriate for your terminal type)
and press
RETURN.
You may need to type one of the following commands to get your delete key
to work properly, depending on your keyboard:
# stty erase '^h'
# stty erase '^?'
At this point, you need to configure at least
one file in the
/etc
directory.
You will need to mount your root file system read/write with:
# /sbin/mount -u -w /
Change to the
/etc
directory and take a look at the
/etc/rc.conf
file.
Modify it to your tastes, making sure that you set
rc_configured=YES
so that your changes will be enabled and a multi-user boot can
proceed.
Default values for the various programs can be found in
/etc/defaults/rc.conf,
where some in-line documentation may be found.
More complete documentation can be found in
rc.conf(5).
When you have finished editing
/etc/rc.conf,
type
exit
at the prompt to
leave the single-user shell and continue with the multi-user boot.
Other values that may need to be set in
/etc/rc.conf
for a networked environment are
hostname
and possibly
defaultroute.
You may also need to add an
ifconfig_int
for your
<int>
network interface,
along the lines of
ifconfig_le0="inet 192.0.2.123 netmask 255.255.255.0"
or, if you have
myname.my.dom
in
/etc/hosts:
ifconfig_le0="inet myname.my.dom netmask 255.255.255.0"
To enable proper hostname resolution, you will also want to add an
/etc/resolv.conf
file or (if you are feeling a little more adventurous) run
named(8).
See
resolv.conf(5)
or
named(8)
for more information.
Instead of manually configuring networking,
DHCP can be used by setting
dhcpcd=YES
in
/etc/rc.conf.
After reboot, you can log in as
root
at the login prompt.
If you didn't set a password in
sysinst,
there
is no initial password.
You should create an account for yourself (see below) and protect it and the
``root''
account with good passwords.
By default, root login from the network is disabled (even via
ssh(1)).
One way to become root over the network is to log in as a different
user that belongs to group
``wheel''
(see
group(5))
and use
su(1)
to become root.
Use the
useradd(8)
command to add accounts to your system.
Do not
edit
/etc/passwd
directly! See
vipw(8)
and
pwd_mkdb(8)
if you want to edit the password database.
If you installed the X Window System, you may want to read the chapter about X in the NetBSD Guide:
If you wish to install any of the software freely available for UNIX-like systems you are strongly advised to first check the NetBSD package system, pkgsrc. pkgsrc automatically handles any changes necessary to make the software run on NetBSD. This includes the retrieval and installation of any other packages the software may depend upon.
amiga/10.0_RC2/All
subdir.
If you installed
pkgin(1)
in the
sysinst
post-installation configuration menu, you can use it to automatically install
binary packages over the network.
Assuming that
/usr/pkg/etc/pkgin/repositories.conf
is correctly configured, you can install them with the following commands:
# pkgin install tcsh bash perl apache xfce4 firefox ...
The above command will install the Tenex-csh and Bourne Again shells, the Perl programming language, Apache web server, Xfce desktop environment and the Firefox web browser as well as all the packages they depend on.
If it was not automatically installed,
pkgin(1)
can be installed on a fresh
NetBSD
system with
pkg_add(1):
export PKG_PATH=https://cdn.netbsd.org/pub/pkgsrc/packages/NetBSD/$(uname -p)/$(uname -r | cut -d_ -f1)/All pkg_add pkgin
pkgsrc(7)
framework for compiling packages and did not install it from the
sysinst(8)
post-installation configuration menu, you can obtain it by retrieving
the file
/usr/pkgsrc
(though other locations work fine) with the commands:
# cd /usr
# tar -zxpf pkgsrc.tar.gz
After extracting, see the
doc/pkgsrc.txt
file in the extraction directory (e.g.,
/usr/pkgsrc/doc/pkgsrc.txt)
for more information.
/etc/mail/aliases
to forward root mail to the right place.
Don't forget to run
newaliases(1)
afterwards.
/etc/rc.local
to run any local daemons you use.
/etc
files are documented in section 5 of the manual; so just invoking
# man 5 filename
is likely to give you more information on these files.
The upgrade path to NetBSD10.0_RC2 documented here is by binary sets.
To do the upgrade, you must have the
NetBSD
kernel on
AmigaDOS
and you must transfer the miniroot file system
miniroot.fs
onto the swap partition of the
NetBSD
hard disk.
You must also have at least the
base
binary distribution set available.
Finally, you must have sufficient disk space available to install the new
binaries.
Since the old binaries are being overwritten in place, you only need
space for the new binaries, which weren't previously on the system. This is
typically not more than a few megabytes.
Since upgrading involves replacing the kernel and most of the system binaries, it has the potential to cause data loss. You are strongly advised to BACK UP ANY IMPORTANT DATA ON YOUR DISK, whether on the NetBSD partition or on another operating system's partition, before beginning the upgrade process.
To upgrade your system, begin by transferring the miniroot file system onto the hard disk partition used by NetBSD for swapping, as described in the "Preparing your System for NetBSD Installation" section above.
Now boot up NetBSD, with bootblocks installed
Reboot your machine, holding down both mouse buttons if you have a 2-button mouse, the outer mouse buttons if you have a 3-button mouse. On the DraCo, press the left mouse button instead, when the boot screen prompts you for it.
From the boot menu, select Boot Options. Select the swap partition with the miniroot, and then ok. Select Boot now. The machine will boot the bootblock, which will prompt you for a command line. You have a few seconds to change the default. Entering an empty line will accept the default.
The bootblock uses command lines of the form:
file[ options]
where
file
is the kernel file name on the partition where the
boot block is on, and
options
may contain the same as described in the INSTALL section.
For installing, use
netbsd -b
If you machine has a split memory space, like, e.g., DraCo machines, use this instead:
netbsd -bn2
/)
and swap partitions.
When prompted for the root device, type
sd0b
(replacing
`0'
with the disk number that
NetBSD
used for
your root/swap device).
When prompted for a dump device, answer
`none'
for the upgrade.
(For a normal boot, you would tell it one of the swap devices).
When prompted for the root file system type, confirm
`generic',
which will auto-detect it.
You will be presented with some information about the upgrade
process and a warning message, and will be asked if you wish
to proceed with the upgrade process.
If you answer negatively, the upgrade process will stop, and your disk will
not be modified.
If you answer affirmatively, the upgrade process will begin,
and your disk will be modified.
You may press
CONTROL-C
to stop the upgrade process at any time.
However, if you press it at an inopportune moment, your system
may be left in an inconsistent (and possibly unusable) state.
You will now be greeted and reminded of the fact that this is a potentially dangerous procedure and that you should not upgrade the etc set.
When you decide to proceed, you will be prompted to enter your root disk. After you've done this, it will be checked automatically to make sure that the file system is in a sane state before making any modifications. After this is done, you will be asked if you want to configure your network.
You are now allowed to edit your fstab, but normally you don't have to. Note that the upgrade-kit uses its own copy of the fstab. Whatever you do here won't affect your actual fstab. After you are satisfied with your fstab, the upgrade-kit will check all file systems mentioned in it. When they're ok, they will be mounted.
You will now be asked if your sets are stored on a normally mounted file system. You should answer `y' to this question if you have the sets stored on a file system that was present in the fstab. The actions you should take for the set extraction are pretty logical (we think).
After you have extracted the sets, the upgrade kit will proceed with setting the timezone and installing the kernel and bootcode. This is all exactly the same as described in the installation section.
Your system has now been upgraded to NetBSD10.0_RC2.
After a new kernel has been copied to your hard disk, your machine is a complete NetBSD10.0_RC2 system. However, that doesn't mean that you're finished with the upgrade process. There are several things that you should do, or might have to do, to insure that the system works properly.
You will probably want to get the
etc
distribution,
extract it, and compare its contents with those in your
/etc
directory.
You will probably want to replace some of your
system configuration files, or incorporate some of the changes
in the new versions into yours.
You will want to delete old binaries that were part
of the version of
NetBSD
that you upgraded from and have since
been removed from the
NetBSD
distribution.
Users upgrading from previous versions of NetBSD may wish to bear the following problems and compatibility issues in mind when upgrading to NetBSD 10.0_RC2.
Note that sysinst will automatically invoke
postinstall fix
In
NetBSD9
and earlier, filesystems listed in
/etc/fstab
would be mounted before non-legacy
zfs
filesystems. Starting from
NetBSD10
this order has been reversed.
If you have ever run a version of NetBSD-current between April 18, 2020 and September 23, 2022 (the version numbers used in the affected time range are between 9.99.56 and 9.99.106) your FFS file systems might have broken extended attributes stored.
You should follow this guide before booting the updated system multi-user for the first time.
Note that you do not need to do anything special if you never did run any affected kernel, especially if you have never run NetBSD-current.
The display drivers used for modern GPUs and the whole subsystem supporting it (DRM/KMS) have been updated to a newer version. Unfortunately not all issues with this have been resolved before the NetBSD10.0 release. You can find a list of issues in the Open issues with new DRM/KMS section of the release engineering wiki page.
A number of things have been removed from the NetBSD 10.0_RC2 release. See the ``Components removed from NetBSD'' section near the beginning of this document for a list.
Documentation is available if you installed the manual
distribution set.
Traditionally, the
``man pages''
(documentation) are denoted by
`name(section)'.
Some examples of this are
intro(1),
man(1),
apropos(1),
passwd(1),
and
passwd(5).
The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8.
The man command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is started by entering man [section] topic. The brackets [] around the section should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is optional. If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the lowest numbered section name will be displayed. For instance, after logging in, enter
# man passwd
to read the documentation for
passwd(1).
To view the documentation for
passwd(5),
enter
# man 5 passwd
instead.
If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter
# apropos subject-word
where subject-word is your topic of interest; a list of possibly related man pages will be displayed.
If you've got something to say, do so!
We'd like your input.
There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list
server at
majordomo@NetBSD.org.
See
https://www.NetBSD.org/mailinglists/
for details.
There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments and questions about this release. Please send comments to: netbsd-comments@NetBSD.org.
To report bugs, use the
send-pr(1)
command shipped with
NetBSD,
and fill in as much information about the problem as you can.
Good bug reports include lots of details.
Bugs also can be submitted and queried with the web interface at
https://www.NetBSD.org/support/send-pr.html
There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss aspects of
each port of
NetBSD.
Use majordomo to find their addresses, or visit
https://www.NetBSD.org/mailinglists/
If you're interested in doing a serious amount of work on a specific port, you probably should contact the `owner' of that port (listed below).
If you'd like to help with NetBSD, and have an idea as to how you could be useful, send us mail or subscribe to: netbsd-users@NetBSD.org.
As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these mailing lists. Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP or WWW somewhere, then mail the appropriate list about it. If you'd rather not do that, mail the list saying you'll send the data to those who want it.
Keith Bostic Ralph Campbell Mike Karels Marshall Kirk McKusick
for their work on BSD systems, support, and encouragement.
All product names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.
The following notices are required to satisfy the license terms of the software that we have mentioned in this document:
NetBSD is a registered trademark of The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
In the following statement, the phrase ``this text'' refers to portions
of the system documentation.
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form in
NetBSD, from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004 Edition, Standard for
Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX),
The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2004 by the
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group.
In the event of any discrepancy between these versions and the original
IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group
Standard is the referee document.
The original Standard can be obtained online at
http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html.
This notice shall appear on any product containing this material.
In the following statement, "This software" refers to the parallel port driver:
Some files have the following copyright:
Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its
documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright
notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the
software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions
thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation.
CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS
CONDITION. CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND FOR
ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to
any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie the
rights to redistribute these changes.
Some files have the following copyright:
Author: Chris G. Demetriou
Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and
its documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright
notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the
software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions
thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation.
Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to
any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie the
rights to redistribute these changes.
Some files have the following copyright:
Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
software and its documentation for any purpose and without
fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright
notice appear in all copies. Stanford University
makes no representations about the suitability of this
software for any purpose. It is provided "as is"
without express or implied warranty.
Copyright (c) 1991,1990,1989 Carnegie Mellon University
All Rights Reserved.
Software Distribution Coordinator or Software.Distribution@CS.CMU.EDU
School of Computer Science
Carnegie Mellon University
Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
All rights reserved.
CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS"
CONDITION. CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND
FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
Software Distribution Coordinator or Software.Distribution@CS.CMU.EDU
School of Computer Science
Carnegie Mellon University
Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890