decimal.cc

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/* Copyright (C) 2000 MySQL AB

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
   Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA */

/*
=======================================================================
  Quoting the standard
  (SQL:2003, Part 2 Foundations, aka ISO/IEC 9075-2:2003)

4.4.2 Characteristics of numbers, page 27:

  An exact numeric type has a precision P and a scale S. P is a positive
  integer that determines the number of significant digits in a
  particular radix R, where R is either 2 or 10. S is a non-negative
  integer. Every value of an exact numeric type of scale S is of the
  form n*10^{-S}, where n is an integer such that ­-R^P <= n <= R^P.

  [...]

  If an assignment of some number would result in a loss of its most
  significant digit, an exception condition is raised. If least
  significant digits are lost, implementation-defined rounding or
  truncating occurs, with no exception condition being raised.

  [...]

  Whenever an exact or approximate numeric value is assigned to an exact
  numeric value site, an approximation of its value that preserves
  leading significant digits after rounding or truncating is represented
  in the declared type of the target. The value is converted to have the
  precision and scale of the target. The choice of whether to truncate
  or round is implementation-defined.

  [...]

  All numeric values between the smallest and the largest value,
  inclusive, in a given exact numeric type have an approximation
  obtained by rounding or truncation for that type; it is
  implementation-defined which other numeric values have such
  approximations.

5.3 <literal>, page 143

  <exact numeric literal> ::=
    <unsigned integer> [ <period> [ <unsigned integer> ] ]
  | <period> <unsigned integer>

6.1 <data type>, page 165:

  19) The <scale> of an <exact numeric type> shall not be greater than
      the <precision> of the <exact numeric type>.

  20) For the <exact numeric type>s DECIMAL and NUMERIC:

    a) The maximum value of <precision> is implementation-defined.
       <precision> shall not be greater than this value.
    b) The maximum value of <scale> is implementation-defined. <scale>
       shall not be greater than this maximum value.

  21) NUMERIC specifies the data type exact numeric, with the decimal
      precision and scale specified by the <precision> and <scale>.

  22) DECIMAL specifies the data type exact numeric, with the decimal
      scale specified by the <scale> and the implementation-defined
      decimal precision equal to or greater than the value of the
      specified <precision>.

6.26 <numeric value expression>, page 241:

  1) If the declared type of both operands of a dyadic arithmetic
     operator is exact numeric, then the declared type of the result is
     an implementation-defined exact numeric type, with precision and
     scale determined as follows:

   a) Let S1 and S2 be the scale of the first and second operands
      respectively.
   b) The precision of the result of addition and subtraction is
      implementation-defined, and the scale is the maximum of S1 and S2.
   c) The precision of the result of multiplication is
      implementation-defined, and the scale is S1 + S2.
   d) The precision and scale of the result of division are
      implementation-defined.
*/

#include <config.h>

#include <drizzled/definitions.h>
#include <drizzled/internal/m_string.h>
#include <drizzled/charset.h>
#include <drizzled/type/decimal.h>

#include <plugin/myisam/myisampack.h>
#include <drizzled/util/test.h>

#ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA_H
#include <alloca.h>
#endif

#include <algorithm>
#include <time.h>
#include <drizzled/current_session.h>
#include <drizzled/error.h>
#include <drizzled/field.h>
#include <drizzled/internal/my_sys.h>

using namespace std;

namespace drizzled
{
int decimal_operation_results(int result)
{
  switch (result) {
  case E_DEC_OK:
    break;
  case E_DEC_TRUNCATED:
    push_warning_printf(current_session, DRIZZLE_ERROR::WARN_LEVEL_WARN,
      ER_WARN_DATA_TRUNCATED, ER(ER_WARN_DATA_TRUNCATED),
      "", (long)-1);
    break;
  case E_DEC_OVERFLOW:
    push_warning_printf(current_session, DRIZZLE_ERROR::WARN_LEVEL_ERROR,
                        ER_TRUNCATED_WRONG_VALUE,
                        ER(ER_TRUNCATED_WRONG_VALUE),
      "DECIMAL", "");
    break;
  case E_DEC_DIV_ZERO:
    my_error(ER_DIVISION_BY_ZERO, MYF(0));
    break;
  case E_DEC_BAD_NUM:
    push_warning_printf(current_session, DRIZZLE_ERROR::WARN_LEVEL_ERROR,
      ER_TRUNCATED_WRONG_VALUE_FOR_FIELD,
      ER(ER_TRUNCATED_WRONG_VALUE_FOR_FIELD),
      "decimal", "", "", (long)-1);
    break;
  case E_DEC_OOM:
    my_error(ER_OUT_OF_RESOURCES, MYF(0));
    break;
  default:
    assert(0);
  }
  return result;
}


int class_decimal2string(const type::Decimal *d,
                         uint32_t fixed_dec, String *str)
{
  uint32_t mask= E_DEC_FATAL_ERROR;

  /*
    Calculate the size of the string: For DECIMAL(a,b), fixed_prec==a
    holds true iff the type is also ZEROFILL, which in turn implies
    UNSIGNED. Hence the buffer for a ZEROFILLed value is the length
    the user requested, plus one for a possible decimal point, plus
    one if the user only wanted decimal places, but we force a leading
    zero on them. Because the type is implicitly UNSIGNED, we do not
    need to reserve a character for the sign. For all other cases,
    fixed_prec will be 0, and class_decimal_string_length() will be called
    instead to calculate the required size of the buffer.
  */
  int length= (int)(0
                    ? (uint32_t)(((0 == fixed_dec) ? 1 : 0) + 1)
                    : (uint32_t)d->string_length());
  int result;
  str->alloc(length);

  result= decimal2string((decimal_t*) d, (char*) str->ptr(),
                         &length, (int)0, fixed_dec,
                         '0');
  str->length(length);
  return check_result(mask, result);
}


namespace type {

int Decimal::val_binary(uint32_t mask, unsigned char *bin, int prec, int scale) const
{
  int err1= E_DEC_OK, err2;
  type::Decimal rounded;
  class_decimal2decimal(this, &rounded);
  rounded.frac= decimal_actual_fraction(&rounded);
  if (scale < rounded.frac)
  {
    err1= E_DEC_TRUNCATED;
    /* decimal_round can return only E_DEC_TRUNCATED */
    decimal_round(&rounded, &rounded, scale, HALF_UP);
  }
  err2= decimal2bin(&rounded, bin, prec, scale);
  if (!err2)
    err2= err1;
  return check_result(mask, err2);
}

} // namespace type


int type::Decimal::store(uint32_t mask, const char *from, uint32_t length, const charset_info_st * charset)
{
  char *end, *from_end;
  int err;
  char buff[STRING_BUFFER_USUAL_SIZE];
  String tmp(buff, sizeof(buff), &my_charset_bin);
  if (charset->mbminlen > 1)
  {
    tmp.copy(from, length, &my_charset_utf8_general_ci);
    from= tmp.ptr();
    length=  tmp.length();
    charset= &my_charset_bin;
  }
  from_end= end= (char*) from+length;
  err= string2decimal((char *)from, (decimal_t*) this, &end);
  if (end != from_end && !err)
  {
    /* Give warning if there is something other than end space */
    for ( ; end < from_end; end++)
    {
      if (not my_charset_utf8_general_ci.isspace(*end))
      {
        err= E_DEC_TRUNCATED;
        break;
      }
    }
  }
  check_result_and_overflow(mask, err);
  return err;
}

void type::Decimal::convert(double &result) const
{
  decimal2double(static_cast<const decimal_t*>(this), &result);
}

type::Decimal *date2_class_decimal(type::Time *ltime, type::Decimal *dec)
{
  int64_t date;
  date = (ltime->year*100L + ltime->month)*100L + ltime->day;
  if (ltime->time_type > type::DRIZZLE_TIMESTAMP_DATE)
    date= ((date*100L + ltime->hour)*100L+ ltime->minute)*100L + ltime->second;

  if (int2_class_decimal(E_DEC_FATAL_ERROR, date, false, dec))
    return dec;

  if (ltime->second_part)
  {
    dec->buf[(dec->intg-1) / 9 + 1]= ltime->second_part * 1000;
    dec->frac= 6;
  }

  return dec;
}


void class_decimal_trim(uint32_t *precision, uint32_t *scale)
{
  if (!(*precision) && !(*scale))
  {
    *precision= 10;
    *scale= 0;
    return;
  }
}


/*
  Internally decimal numbers are stored base 10^9 (see DIG_BASE below)
  So one variable of type decimal_digit_t is limited:

      0 < decimal_digit <= DIG_MAX < DIG_BASE

  in the struct st_decimal_t:

    intg is the number of *decimal* digits (NOT number of decimal_digit_t's !)
         before the point
    frac - number of decimal digits after the point
    buf is an array of decimal_digit_t's
    len is the length of buf (length of allocated space) in decimal_digit_t's,
        not in bytes
*/
typedef decimal_digit_t dec1;
typedef int64_t      dec2;

#define DIG_PER_DEC1 9
#define DIG_MASK     100000000
#define DIG_BASE     1000000000
#define DIG_MAX      (DIG_BASE-1)

template<typename T> 
inline static T round_up(const T &x)
{
  return (x+DIG_PER_DEC1-1)/DIG_PER_DEC1;
}

static const dec1 powers10[DIG_PER_DEC1+1]={
  1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000, 10000000, 100000000, 1000000000};
static const int dig2bytes[DIG_PER_DEC1+1]={0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4};
static const dec1 frac_max[DIG_PER_DEC1-1]={
  900000000, 990000000, 999000000,
  999900000, 999990000, 999999000,
  999999900, 999999990 };

#ifdef HAVE_VALGRIND
#define sanity(d) assert((d)->len > 0)
#else
#define sanity(d) assert((d)->len >0 && ((d)->buf[0] | \
                              (d)->buf[(d)->len-1] | 1))
#endif

inline static void fix_intg_frac_error(const int len, int &intg1, int &frac1, int &error)
{
  if (unlikely(intg1+frac1 > len))
  {
    if (unlikely(intg1 > len))
    {
      intg1=(len);
      frac1=0;
      error=E_DEC_OVERFLOW;
    }
    else
    {
      frac1=(len)-intg1;
      error=E_DEC_TRUNCATED;
    }
  }
  else
    error=E_DEC_OK;
}

/* assume carry <= 1 */
inline static void add(dec1 &to, const dec1 &from1, const dec1& from2, dec1 &carry)
{
  dec1 a=from1+from2+carry;
  assert(carry <= 1);
  if ((carry= (a >= DIG_BASE))) /* no division here! */
    a-=DIG_BASE;
  to=a;
}

inline static void add2(dec1 &to, const dec1 &from1, const dec1 &from2, dec1 &carry)
{
  dec2 a=dec2(from1)+from2+carry;
  if ((carry= (a >= DIG_BASE)))
    a-=DIG_BASE;
  if (unlikely(a >= DIG_BASE))
  {
    a-=DIG_BASE;
    carry++;
  }
  to=dec1(a);
}

/* to=from1-from2 */
inline static void sub(dec1 &to, const dec1 &from1, const dec1 &from2, dec1 &carry)
{
  dec1 a=from1-from2-carry;
  if ((carry= (a < 0)))
    a+=DIG_BASE;
  to=a;
}

/* to=from1-from2 */
inline static void sub2(dec1 &to, const dec1 &from1, const dec1 &from2, dec1 &carry)
{
  dec1 a=from1-from2-carry;
  if ((carry= (a < 0)))
    a+=DIG_BASE;
  if (unlikely(a < 0))
  {
    a+=DIG_BASE;
    carry++;
  }
  to=a;
}

void max_decimal(int precision, int frac, decimal_t *to)
{
  int intpart;
  dec1 *buf= to->buf;
  assert(precision && precision >= frac);

  to->sign= 0;
  if ((intpart= to->intg= (precision - frac)))
  {
    const int firstdigits= intpart % DIG_PER_DEC1;
    if (firstdigits)
      *buf++= powers10[firstdigits] - 1; /* get 9 99 999 ... */
    for(intpart/= DIG_PER_DEC1; intpart; intpart--)
      *buf++= DIG_MAX;
  }

  if ((to->frac= frac))
  {
    const int lastdigits= frac % DIG_PER_DEC1;
    for(frac/= DIG_PER_DEC1; frac; frac--)
      *buf++= DIG_MAX;
    if (lastdigits)
      *buf= frac_max[lastdigits - 1];
  }
}


static dec1 *remove_leading_zeroes(const decimal_t *from, int *intg_result)
{
  int intg= from->intg, i;
  dec1 *buf0= from->buf;
  i= ((intg - 1) % DIG_PER_DEC1) + 1;
  while (intg > 0 && *buf0 == 0)
  {
    intg-= i;
    i= DIG_PER_DEC1;
    buf0++;
  }
  if (intg > 0)
  {
    for (i= (intg - 1) % DIG_PER_DEC1; *buf0 < powers10[i--]; intg--) ;
    assert(intg > 0);
  }
  else
    intg=0;
  *intg_result= intg;
  return buf0;
}


int decimal_actual_fraction(decimal_t *from)
{
  int frac= from->frac, i;
  dec1 *buf0= from->buf + round_up(from->intg) + round_up(frac) - 1;

  if (frac == 0)
    return 0;

  i= ((frac - 1) % DIG_PER_DEC1 + 1);
  while (frac > 0 && *buf0 == 0)
  {
    frac-= i;
    i= DIG_PER_DEC1;
    buf0--;
  }
  if (frac > 0)
  {
    for (i= DIG_PER_DEC1 - ((frac - 1) % DIG_PER_DEC1); *buf0 % powers10[i++] == 0; frac--) {};
  }
  return frac;
}


int decimal2string(const decimal_t *from, char *to, int *to_len,
                   int fixed_precision, int fixed_decimals,
                   char filler)
{
  int len, intg, frac= from->frac, i, intg_len, frac_len, fill;
  /* number digits before decimal point */
  int fixed_intg= (fixed_precision ?
                   (fixed_precision - fixed_decimals) : 0);
  int error=E_DEC_OK;
  char *s=to;
  dec1 *buf, *buf0=from->buf, tmp;

  assert(*to_len >= 2+from->sign);

  /* removing leading zeroes */
  buf0= remove_leading_zeroes(from, &intg);
  if (unlikely(intg+frac==0))
  {
    intg=1;
    tmp=0;
    buf0=&tmp;
  }

  if (!(intg_len= fixed_precision ? fixed_intg : intg))
    intg_len= 1;
  frac_len= fixed_precision ? fixed_decimals : frac;
  len= from->sign + intg_len + test(frac) + frac_len;
  if (fixed_precision)
  {
    if (frac > fixed_decimals)
    {
      error= E_DEC_TRUNCATED;
      frac= fixed_decimals;
    }
    if (intg > fixed_intg)
    {
      error= E_DEC_OVERFLOW;
      intg= fixed_intg;
    }
  }
  else if (unlikely(len > --*to_len)) /* reserve one byte for \0 */
  {
    int j= len-*to_len;
    error= (frac && j <= frac + 1) ? E_DEC_TRUNCATED : E_DEC_OVERFLOW;
    if (frac && j >= frac + 1) j--;
    if (j > frac)
    {
      intg-= j-frac;
      frac= 0;
    }
    else
      frac-=j;
    len= from->sign + intg_len + test(frac) + frac_len;
  }
  *to_len=len;
  s[len]=0;

  if (from->sign)
    *s++='-';

  if (frac)
  {
    char *s1= s + intg_len;
    fill= frac_len - frac;
    buf=buf0+round_up(intg);
    *s1++='.';
    for (; frac>0; frac-=DIG_PER_DEC1)
    {
      dec1 x=*buf++;
      for (i=min(frac, DIG_PER_DEC1); i; i--)
      {
        dec1 y=x/DIG_MASK;
        *s1++='0'+(unsigned char)y;
        x-=y*DIG_MASK;
        x*=10;
      }
    }
    for(; fill; fill--)
      *s1++=filler;
  }

  fill= intg_len - intg;
  if (intg == 0)
    fill--; /* symbol 0 before digital point */
  for(; fill; fill--)
    *s++=filler;
  if (intg)
  {
    s+=intg;
    for (buf=buf0+round_up(intg); intg>0; intg-=DIG_PER_DEC1)
    {
      dec1 x=*--buf;
      for (i=min(intg, DIG_PER_DEC1); i; i--)
      {
        dec1 y=x/10;
        *--s='0'+(unsigned char)(x-y*10);
        x=y;
      }
    }
  }
  else
    *s= '0';
  return error;
}


static void digits_bounds(decimal_t *from, int *start_result, int *end_result)
{
  int start, stop, i;
  dec1 *buf_beg= from->buf;
  dec1 *end= from->buf + round_up(from->intg) + round_up(from->frac);
  dec1 *buf_end= end - 1;

  /* find non-zero digit from number begining */
  while (buf_beg < end && *buf_beg == 0)
    buf_beg++;

  if (buf_beg >= end)
  {
    /* it is zero */
    *start_result= *end_result= 0;
    return;
  }

  /* find non-zero decimal digit from number begining */
  if (buf_beg == from->buf && from->intg)
  {
    start= DIG_PER_DEC1 - (i= ((from->intg-1) % DIG_PER_DEC1 + 1));
    i--;
  }
  else
  {
    i= DIG_PER_DEC1 - 1;
    start= (int) ((buf_beg - from->buf) * DIG_PER_DEC1);
  }
  if (buf_beg < end)
    for (; *buf_beg < powers10[i--]; start++) ;
  *start_result= start; /* index of first decimal digit (from 0) */

  /* find non-zero digit at the end */
  while (buf_end > buf_beg  && *buf_end == 0)
    buf_end--;
  /* find non-zero decimal digit from the end */
  if (buf_end == end - 1 && from->frac)
  {
    stop= (int) (((buf_end - from->buf) * DIG_PER_DEC1 +
           (i= ((from->frac - 1) % DIG_PER_DEC1 + 1))));
    i= DIG_PER_DEC1 - i + 1;
  }
  else
  {
    stop= (int) ((buf_end - from->buf + 1) * DIG_PER_DEC1);
    i= 1;
  }
  for (; *buf_end % powers10[i++] == 0; stop--) {};
  *end_result= stop; /* index of position after last decimal digit (from 0) */
}


static void do_mini_left_shift(decimal_t *dec, int shift, int beg, int last)
{
  dec1 *from= dec->buf + round_up(beg + 1) - 1;
  dec1 *end= dec->buf + round_up(last) - 1;
  int c_shift= DIG_PER_DEC1 - shift;
  assert(from >= dec->buf);
  assert(end < dec->buf + dec->len);
  if (beg % DIG_PER_DEC1 < shift)
    *(from - 1)= (*from) / powers10[c_shift];
  for(; from < end; from++)
    *from= ((*from % powers10[c_shift]) * powers10[shift] +
            (*(from + 1)) / powers10[c_shift]);
  *from= (*from % powers10[c_shift]) * powers10[shift];
}


static void do_mini_right_shift(decimal_t *dec, int shift, int beg, int last)
{
  dec1 *from= dec->buf + round_up(last) - 1;
  dec1 *end= dec->buf + round_up(beg + 1) - 1;
  int c_shift= DIG_PER_DEC1 - shift;
  assert(from < dec->buf + dec->len);
  assert(end >= dec->buf);
  if (DIG_PER_DEC1 - ((last - 1) % DIG_PER_DEC1 + 1) < shift)
    *(from + 1)= (*from % powers10[shift]) * powers10[c_shift];
  for(; from > end; from--)
    *from= (*from / powers10[shift] +
            (*(from - 1) % powers10[shift]) * powers10[c_shift]);
  *from= *from / powers10[shift];
}


static int decimal_shift(decimal_t *dec, int shift)
{
  /* index of first non zero digit (all indexes from 0) */
  int beg;
  /* index of position after last decimal digit */
  int end;
  /* index of digit position just after point */
  int point= round_up(dec->intg) * DIG_PER_DEC1;
  /* new point position */
  int new_point= point + shift;
  /* number of digits in result */
  int digits_int, digits_frac;
  /* length of result and new fraction in big digits*/
  int new_len, new_frac_len;
  /* return code */
  int err= E_DEC_OK;
  int new_front;

  if (shift == 0)
    return E_DEC_OK;

  digits_bounds(dec, &beg, &end);

  if (beg == end)
  {
    dec->set_zero();
    return E_DEC_OK;
  }

  digits_int= new_point - beg;
  set_if_bigger(digits_int, 0);
  digits_frac= end - new_point;
  set_if_bigger(digits_frac, 0);

  if ((new_len= round_up(digits_int) + (new_frac_len= round_up(digits_frac))) >
      dec->len)
  {
    int lack= new_len - dec->len;
    int diff;

    if (new_frac_len < lack)
      return E_DEC_OVERFLOW; /* lack more then we have in fraction */

    /* cat off fraction part to allow new number to fit in our buffer */
    err= E_DEC_TRUNCATED;
    new_frac_len-= lack;
    diff= digits_frac - (new_frac_len * DIG_PER_DEC1);
    /* Make rounding method as parameter? */
    decimal_round(dec, dec, end - point - diff, HALF_UP);
    end-= diff;
    digits_frac= new_frac_len * DIG_PER_DEC1;

    if (end <= beg)
    {
      /*
        we lost all digits (they will be shifted out of buffer), so we can
        just return 0
      */
      dec->set_zero();

      return E_DEC_TRUNCATED;
    }
  }

  if (shift % DIG_PER_DEC1)
  {
    int l_mini_shift, r_mini_shift, mini_shift;
    int do_left;
    /*
      Calculate left/right shift to align decimal digits inside our bug
      digits correctly
    */
    if (shift > 0)
    {
      l_mini_shift= shift % DIG_PER_DEC1;
      r_mini_shift= DIG_PER_DEC1 - l_mini_shift;
      /*
        It is left shift so prefer left shift, but if we have not place from
        left, we have to have it from right, because we checked length of
        result
      */
      do_left= l_mini_shift <= beg;
      assert(do_left || (dec->len * DIG_PER_DEC1 - end) >= r_mini_shift);
    }
    else
    {
      r_mini_shift= (-shift) % DIG_PER_DEC1;
      l_mini_shift= DIG_PER_DEC1 - r_mini_shift;
      /* see comment above */
      do_left= !((dec->len * DIG_PER_DEC1 - end) >= r_mini_shift);
      assert(!do_left || l_mini_shift <= beg);
    }
    if (do_left)
    {
      do_mini_left_shift(dec, l_mini_shift, beg, end);
      mini_shift= (-l_mini_shift);
    }
    else
    {
      do_mini_right_shift(dec, r_mini_shift, beg, end);
      mini_shift= r_mini_shift;
    }
    new_point+= mini_shift;
    /*
      If number is shifted and correctly aligned in buffer we can
      finish
    */
    if (!(shift+= mini_shift) && (new_point - digits_int) < DIG_PER_DEC1)
    {
      dec->intg= digits_int;
      dec->frac= digits_frac;
      return err;                 /* already shifted as it should be */
    }
    beg+= mini_shift;
    end+= mini_shift;
  }

  /* if new 'decimal front' is in first digit, we do not need move digits */
  if ((new_front= (new_point - digits_int)) >= DIG_PER_DEC1 ||
      new_front < 0)
  {
    /* need to move digits */
    int d_shift;
    dec1 *to, *barier;
    if (new_front > 0)
    {
      /* move left */
      d_shift= new_front / DIG_PER_DEC1;
      to= dec->buf + (round_up(beg + 1) - 1 - d_shift);
      barier= dec->buf + (round_up(end) - 1 - d_shift);
      assert(to >= dec->buf);
      assert(barier + d_shift < dec->buf + dec->len);
      for(; to <= barier; to++)
        *to= *(to + d_shift);
      for(barier+= d_shift; to <= barier; to++)
        *to= 0;
      d_shift= -d_shift;
    }
    else
    {
      /* move right */
      d_shift= (1 - new_front) / DIG_PER_DEC1;
      to= dec->buf + round_up(end) - 1 + d_shift;
      barier= dec->buf + round_up(beg + 1) - 1 + d_shift;
      assert(to < dec->buf + dec->len);
      assert(barier - d_shift >= dec->buf);
      for(; to >= barier; to--)
        *to= *(to - d_shift);
      for(barier-= d_shift; to >= barier; to--)
        *to= 0;
    }
    d_shift*= DIG_PER_DEC1;
    beg+= d_shift;
    end+= d_shift;
    new_point+= d_shift;
  }

  /*
    If there are gaps then fill ren with 0.

    Only one of following 'for' loops will work becouse beg <= end
  */
  beg= round_up(beg + 1) - 1;
  end= round_up(end) - 1;
  assert(new_point >= 0);

  /* We don't want negative new_point below */
  if (new_point != 0)
    new_point= round_up(new_point) - 1;

  if (new_point > end)
  {
    do
    {
      dec->buf[new_point]=0;
    } while (--new_point > end);
  }
  else
  {
    for (; new_point < beg; new_point++)
      dec->buf[new_point]= 0;
  }
  dec->intg= digits_int;
  dec->frac= digits_frac;
  return err;
}


int
internal_str2dec(char *from, decimal_t *to, char **end, bool fixed)
{
  char *s= from, *s1;
  char *end_of_string = *end;
  char *endp;
  int i, intg, frac, error, intg1, frac1;
  dec1 x,*buf;
  sanity(to);

  error= E_DEC_BAD_NUM;                         /* In case of bad number */
  while (s < end_of_string && my_charset_utf8_general_ci.isspace(*s))
    s++;
  if (s == end_of_string)
    goto fatal_error;

  if ((to->sign= (*s == '-')))
    s++;
  else if (*s == '+')
    s++;

  s1=s;
  while (s < end_of_string && my_charset_utf8_general_ci.isdigit(*s))
    s++;
  intg= (int) (s-s1);
  if (s < end_of_string && *s=='.')
  {
    endp= s+1;
    while (endp < end_of_string && my_charset_utf8_general_ci.isdigit(*endp))
      endp++;
    frac= (int) (endp - s - 1);
  }
  else
  {
    frac= 0;
    endp= s;
  }

  *end= endp;

  if (frac+intg == 0)
    goto fatal_error;

  error= 0;
  if (fixed)
  {
    if (frac > to->frac)
    {
      error=E_DEC_TRUNCATED;
      frac=to->frac;
    }
    if (intg > to->intg)
    {
      error=E_DEC_OVERFLOW;
      intg=to->intg;
    }
    intg1=round_up(intg);
    frac1=round_up(frac);
    if (intg1+frac1 > to->len)
    {
      error= E_DEC_OOM;
      goto fatal_error;
    }
  }
  else
  {
    intg1=round_up(intg);
    frac1=round_up(frac);
    fix_intg_frac_error(to->len, intg1, frac1, error);
    if (unlikely(error))
    {
      frac=frac1*DIG_PER_DEC1;
      if (error == E_DEC_OVERFLOW)
        intg=intg1*DIG_PER_DEC1;
    }
  }
  /* Error is guranteed to be set here */
  to->intg=intg;
  to->frac=frac;

  buf=to->buf+intg1;
  s1=s;

  for (x=0, i=0; intg; intg--)
  {
    x+= (*--s - '0')*powers10[i];

    if (unlikely(++i == DIG_PER_DEC1))
    {
      *--buf=x;
      x=0;
      i=0;
    }
  }
  if (i)
    *--buf=x;

  buf=to->buf+intg1;
  for (x=0, i=0; frac; frac--)
  {
    x= (*++s1 - '0') + x*10;

    if (unlikely(++i == DIG_PER_DEC1))
    {
      *buf++=x;
      x=0;
      i=0;
    }
  }
  if (i)
    *buf=x*powers10[DIG_PER_DEC1-i];

  /* Handle exponent */
  if (endp+1 < end_of_string && (*endp == 'e' || *endp == 'E'))
  {
    int str_error;
    const int64_t exponent= internal::my_strtoll10(endp+1, (char**) &end_of_string,
                                                   &str_error);

    if (end_of_string != endp +1)               /* If at least one digit */
    {
      *end= (char*) end_of_string;
      if (str_error > 0)
      {
        error= E_DEC_BAD_NUM;
        goto fatal_error;
      }
      if (exponent > INT_MAX/2 || (str_error == 0 && exponent < 0))
      {
        error= E_DEC_OVERFLOW;
        goto fatal_error;
      }
      if (exponent < INT_MIN/2 && error != E_DEC_OVERFLOW)
      {
        error= E_DEC_TRUNCATED;
        goto fatal_error;
      }
      if (error != E_DEC_OVERFLOW)
        error= decimal_shift(to, (int) exponent);
    }
  }
  return error;

fatal_error:
  to->set_zero();
  return error;
}


int decimal2double(const decimal_t *from, double *to)
{
  char strbuf[FLOATING_POINT_BUFFER];
  int len= sizeof(strbuf);
  int rc = decimal2string(from, strbuf, &len, 0, 0, 0);
  char* end= strbuf + len;
  int error;
  *to= internal::my_strtod(strbuf, &end, &error);
  return rc != E_DEC_OK ? rc : (error ? E_DEC_OVERFLOW : E_DEC_OK);
}

int double2decimal(const double from, decimal_t *to)
{
  char buff[FLOATING_POINT_BUFFER], *end;
  int res;
  end= buff + internal::my_gcvt(from,
                                internal::MY_GCVT_ARG_DOUBLE,
                                sizeof(buff) - 1, buff, NULL);
  res= string2decimal(buff, to, &end);
  return res;
}


static int ull2dec(uint64_t from, decimal_t *to)
{
  int intg1, error=E_DEC_OK;
  uint64_t x=from;
  dec1 *buf;

  sanity(to);

  for (intg1=1; from >= DIG_BASE; intg1++, from/=DIG_BASE) {};
  if (unlikely(intg1 > to->len))
  {
    intg1=to->len;
    error=E_DEC_OVERFLOW;
  }
  to->frac=0;
  to->intg=intg1*DIG_PER_DEC1;

  for (buf=to->buf+intg1; intg1; intg1--)
  {
    uint64_t y=x/DIG_BASE;
    *--buf=(dec1)(x-y*DIG_BASE);
    x=y;
  }
  return error;
}

int uint64_t2decimal(const uint64_t from, decimal_t *to)
{
  to->sign=0;
  return ull2dec(from, to);
}

int int64_t2decimal(const int64_t from, decimal_t *to)
{
  if ((to->sign= from < 0))
    return ull2dec(-from, to);
  return ull2dec(from, to);
}

int decimal2uint64_t(const decimal_t *from, uint64_t *to)
{
  dec1 *buf=from->buf;
  uint64_t x=0;
  int intg, frac;

  if (from->sign)
  {
      *to= 0ULL;
      return E_DEC_OVERFLOW;
  }

  for (intg=from->intg; intg > 0; intg-=DIG_PER_DEC1)
  {
    uint64_t y=x;
    x=x*DIG_BASE + *buf++;
    if (unlikely(y > ((uint64_t) UINT64_MAX/DIG_BASE) || x < y))
    {
      *to=UINT64_MAX;
      return E_DEC_OVERFLOW;
    }
  }
  *to=x;
  for (frac=from->frac; unlikely(frac > 0); frac-=DIG_PER_DEC1)
    if (*buf++)
      return E_DEC_TRUNCATED;
  return E_DEC_OK;
}

int decimal2int64_t(const decimal_t *from, int64_t *to)
{
  dec1 *buf=from->buf;
  int64_t x=0;
  int intg, frac;

  for (intg=from->intg; intg > 0; intg-=DIG_PER_DEC1)
  {
    int64_t y=x;
    /*
      Attention: trick!
      we're calculating -|from| instead of |from| here
      because |INT64_MIN| > INT64_MAX
      so we can convert -9223372036854775808 correctly
    */
    x=x*DIG_BASE - *buf++;
    if (unlikely(y < (INT64_MIN/DIG_BASE) || x > y))
    {
      /*
        the decimal is bigger than any possible integer
        return border integer depending on the sign
      */
      *to= from->sign ? INT64_MIN : INT64_MAX;
      return E_DEC_OVERFLOW;
    }
  }
  /* boundary case: 9223372036854775808 */
  if (unlikely(from->sign==0 && x == INT64_MIN))
  {
    *to= INT64_MAX;
    return E_DEC_OVERFLOW;
  }

  *to=from->sign ? x : -x;
  for (frac=from->frac; unlikely(frac > 0); frac-=DIG_PER_DEC1)
    if (*buf++)
      return E_DEC_TRUNCATED;
  return E_DEC_OK;
}

int decimal2bin(const decimal_t *from, unsigned char *to, int precision, int frac)
{
  dec1 mask=from->sign ? -1 : 0, *buf1=from->buf, *stop1;
  int error=E_DEC_OK, intg=precision-frac,
      isize1, intg1, intg1x, from_intg,
      intg0=intg/DIG_PER_DEC1,
      frac0=frac/DIG_PER_DEC1,
      intg0x=intg-intg0*DIG_PER_DEC1,
      frac0x=frac-frac0*DIG_PER_DEC1,
      frac1=from->frac/DIG_PER_DEC1,
      frac1x=from->frac-frac1*DIG_PER_DEC1,
      isize0=intg0*sizeof(dec1)+dig2bytes[intg0x],
      fsize0=frac0*sizeof(dec1)+dig2bytes[frac0x],
      fsize1=frac1*sizeof(dec1)+dig2bytes[frac1x];
  const int orig_isize0= isize0;
  const int orig_fsize0= fsize0;
  unsigned char *orig_to= to;

  buf1= remove_leading_zeroes(from, &from_intg);

  if (unlikely(from_intg+fsize1==0))
  {
    mask=0; /* just in case */
    intg=1;
    buf1=&mask;
  }

  intg1=from_intg/DIG_PER_DEC1;
  intg1x=from_intg-intg1*DIG_PER_DEC1;
  isize1=intg1*sizeof(dec1)+dig2bytes[intg1x];

  if (intg < from_intg)
  {
    buf1+=intg1-intg0+(intg1x>0)-(intg0x>0);
    intg1=intg0; intg1x=intg0x;
    error=E_DEC_OVERFLOW;
  }
  else if (isize0 > isize1)
  {
    while (isize0-- > isize1)
      *to++= (char)mask;
  }
  if (fsize0 < fsize1)
  {
    frac1=frac0; frac1x=frac0x;
    error=E_DEC_TRUNCATED;
  }
  else if (fsize0 > fsize1 && frac1x)
  {
    if (frac0 == frac1)
    {
      frac1x=frac0x;
      fsize0= fsize1;
    }
    else
    {
      frac1++;
      frac1x=0;
    }
  }

  /* intg1x part */
  if (intg1x)
  {
    int i=dig2bytes[intg1x];
    dec1 x=(*buf1++ % powers10[intg1x]) ^ mask;
    switch (i)
    {
      case 1: mi_int1store(to, x); break;
      case 2: mi_int2store(to, x); break;
      case 3: mi_int3store(to, x); break;
      case 4: mi_int4store(to, x); break;
      default: assert(0);
    }
    to+=i;
  }

  /* intg1+frac1 part */
  for (stop1=buf1+intg1+frac1; buf1 < stop1; to+=sizeof(dec1))
  {
    dec1 x=*buf1++ ^ mask;
    assert(sizeof(dec1) == 4);
    mi_int4store(to, x);
  }

  /* frac1x part */
  if (frac1x)
  {
    dec1 x;
    int i=dig2bytes[frac1x],
        lim=(frac1 < frac0 ? DIG_PER_DEC1 : frac0x);
    while (frac1x < lim && dig2bytes[frac1x] == i)
      frac1x++;
    x=(*buf1 / powers10[DIG_PER_DEC1 - frac1x]) ^ mask;
    switch (i)
    {
      case 1: mi_int1store(to, x); break;
      case 2: mi_int2store(to, x); break;
      case 3: mi_int3store(to, x); break;
      case 4: mi_int4store(to, x); break;
      default: assert(0);
    }
    to+=i;
  }
  if (fsize0 > fsize1)
  {
    unsigned char *to_end= orig_to + orig_fsize0 + orig_isize0;

    while (fsize0-- > fsize1 && to < to_end)
      *to++= (unsigned char)mask;
  }
  orig_to[0]^= 0x80;

  /* Check that we have written the whole decimal and nothing more */
  assert(to == orig_to + orig_fsize0 + orig_isize0);
  return error;
}

int bin2decimal(const unsigned char *from, decimal_t *to, int precision, int scale)
{
  int error=E_DEC_OK, intg=precision-scale,
      intg0=intg/DIG_PER_DEC1, frac0=scale/DIG_PER_DEC1,
      intg0x=intg-intg0*DIG_PER_DEC1, frac0x=scale-frac0*DIG_PER_DEC1,
      intg1=intg0+(intg0x>0), frac1=frac0+(frac0x>0);
  dec1 *buf=to->buf, mask=(*from & 0x80) ? 0 : -1;
  const unsigned char *stop;
  unsigned char *d_copy;
  int bin_size= decimal_bin_size(precision, scale);

  sanity(to);
  d_copy= (unsigned char*) alloca(bin_size);
  memcpy(d_copy, from, bin_size);
  d_copy[0]^= 0x80;
  from= d_copy;

  fix_intg_frac_error(to->len, intg1, frac1, error);
  if (unlikely(error))
  {
    if (intg1 < intg0+(intg0x>0))
    {
      from+=dig2bytes[intg0x]+sizeof(dec1)*(intg0-intg1);
      frac0=frac0x=intg0x=0;
      intg0=intg1;
    }
    else
    {
      frac0x=0;
      frac0=frac1;
    }
  }

  to->sign=(mask != 0);
  to->intg=intg0*DIG_PER_DEC1+intg0x;
  to->frac=frac0*DIG_PER_DEC1+frac0x;

  if (intg0x)
  {
    int i=dig2bytes[intg0x];
    dec1 x= 0;
    switch (i)
    {
      case 1: x=mi_sint1korr(from); break;
      case 2: x=mi_sint2korr(from); break;
      case 3: x=mi_sint3korr(from); break;
      case 4: x=mi_sint4korr(from); break;
      default: assert(0);
    }
    from+=i;
    *buf=x ^ mask;
    if (((uint64_t)*buf) >= (uint64_t) powers10[intg0x+1])
      goto err;
    if (buf > to->buf || *buf != 0)
      buf++;
    else
      to->intg-=intg0x;
  }
  for (stop=from+intg0*sizeof(dec1); from < stop; from+=sizeof(dec1))
  {
    assert(sizeof(dec1) == 4);
    *buf=mi_sint4korr(from) ^ mask;
    if (((uint32_t)*buf) > DIG_MAX)
      goto err;
    if (buf > to->buf || *buf != 0)
      buf++;
    else
      to->intg-=DIG_PER_DEC1;
  }
  assert(to->intg >=0);
  for (stop=from+frac0*sizeof(dec1); from < stop; from+=sizeof(dec1))
  {
    assert(sizeof(dec1) == 4);
    *buf=mi_sint4korr(from) ^ mask;
    if (((uint32_t)*buf) > DIG_MAX)
      goto err;
    buf++;
  }
  if (frac0x)
  {
    int i=dig2bytes[frac0x];
    dec1 x= 0;
    switch (i)
    {
      case 1: x=mi_sint1korr(from); break;
      case 2: x=mi_sint2korr(from); break;
      case 3: x=mi_sint3korr(from); break;
      case 4: x=mi_sint4korr(from); break;
      default: assert(0);
    }
    *buf=(x ^ mask) * powers10[DIG_PER_DEC1 - frac0x];
    if (((uint32_t)*buf) > DIG_MAX)
      goto err;
    buf++;
  }
  return error;

err:
  to->set_zero();
  return(E_DEC_BAD_NUM);
}

int decimal_bin_size(int precision, int scale)
{
  int intg=precision-scale,
      intg0=intg/DIG_PER_DEC1, frac0=scale/DIG_PER_DEC1,
      intg0x=intg-intg0*DIG_PER_DEC1, frac0x=scale-frac0*DIG_PER_DEC1;

  assert(scale >= 0 && precision > 0 && scale <= precision);
  return intg0*sizeof(dec1)+dig2bytes[intg0x]+
         frac0*sizeof(dec1)+dig2bytes[frac0x];
}

int
decimal_round(const decimal_t *from, decimal_t *to, int scale,
              decimal_round_mode mode)
{
  int frac0=scale>0 ? round_up(scale) : scale/DIG_PER_DEC1,
      frac1=round_up(from->frac), round_digit= 0,
      intg0=round_up(from->intg), error=E_DEC_OK, len=to->len,
      intg1=round_up(from->intg +
                     (((intg0 + frac0)>0) && (from->buf[0] == DIG_MAX)));
  dec1 *buf0=from->buf, *buf1=to->buf, x, y, carry=0;
  int first_dig;

  sanity(to);

  switch (mode) {
  case HALF_UP:
  case HALF_EVEN:       round_digit=5; break;
  case CEILING:         round_digit= from->sign ? 10 : 0; break;
  case FLOOR:           round_digit= from->sign ? 0 : 10; break;
  case TRUNCATE:        round_digit=10; break;
  default: assert(0);
  }

  if (unlikely(frac0+intg0 > len))
  {
    frac0=len-intg0;
    scale=frac0*DIG_PER_DEC1;
    error=E_DEC_TRUNCATED;
  }

  if (scale+from->intg < 0)
  {
    to->set_zero();
    return E_DEC_OK;
  }

  if (to != from || intg1>intg0)
  {
    dec1 *p0= buf0+intg0+max(frac1, frac0);
    dec1 *p1= buf1+intg1+max(frac1, frac0);

    while (buf0 < p0)
      *(--p1) = *(--p0);
    if (unlikely(intg1 > intg0))
      to->buf[0]= 0;

    intg0= intg1;
    buf0=to->buf;
    buf1=to->buf;
    to->sign=from->sign;
    to->intg=min(intg0, len)*DIG_PER_DEC1;
  }

  if (frac0 > frac1)
  {
    buf1+=intg0+frac1;
    while (frac0-- > frac1)
      *buf1++=0;
    goto done;
  }

  if (scale >= from->frac)
    goto done; /* nothing to do */

  buf0+=intg0+frac0-1;
  buf1+=intg0+frac0-1;
  if (scale == frac0*DIG_PER_DEC1)
  {
    int do_inc= false;
    assert(frac0+intg0 >= 0);
    switch (round_digit) {
    case 0:
    {
      dec1 *p0= buf0 + (frac1-frac0);
      for (; p0 > buf0; p0--)
      {
        if (*p0)
        {
          do_inc= true;
          break;
        }
      }
      break;
    }
    case 5:
    {
      x= buf0[1]/DIG_MASK;
      do_inc= (x>5) || ((x == 5) &&
                        (mode == HALF_UP || (frac0+intg0 > 0 && *buf0 & 1)));
      break;
    }
    default:
      break;
    }
    if (do_inc)
    {
      if (frac0+intg0>0)
        (*buf1)++;
      else
        *(++buf1)=DIG_BASE;
    }
    else if (frac0+intg0==0)
    {
      to->set_zero();
      return E_DEC_OK;
    }
  }
  else
  {
    int pos=frac0*DIG_PER_DEC1-scale-1;
    assert(frac0+intg0 > 0);
    x=*buf1 / powers10[pos];
    y=x % 10;
    if (y > round_digit ||
        (round_digit == 5 && y == 5 && (mode == HALF_UP || (x/10) & 1)))
      x+=10;
    *buf1=powers10[pos]*(x-y);
  }
  /*
    In case we're rounding e.g. 1.5e9 to 2.0e9, the decimal_digit_t's inside
    the buffer are as follows.

    Before <1, 5e8>
    After  <2, 5e8>

    Hence we need to set the 2nd field to 0.
    The same holds if we round 1.5e-9 to 2e-9.
   */
  if (frac0 < frac1)
  {
    dec1 *buf= to->buf + ((scale == 0 && intg0 == 0) ? 1 : intg0 + frac0);
    dec1 *end= to->buf + len;

    while (buf < end)
      *buf++=0;
  }
  if (*buf1 >= DIG_BASE)
  {
    carry=1;
    *buf1-=DIG_BASE;
    while (carry && --buf1 >= to->buf)
      add(*buf1, *buf1, 0, carry);
    if (unlikely(carry))
    {
      /* shifting the number to create space for new digit */
      if (frac0+intg0 >= len)
      {
        frac0--;
        scale=frac0*DIG_PER_DEC1;
        error=E_DEC_TRUNCATED; /* XXX */
      }
      for (buf1=to->buf+intg0+max(frac0,0); buf1 > to->buf; buf1--)
      {
        buf1[0]=buf1[-1];
      }
      *buf1=1;
      to->intg++;
    }
  }
  else
  {
    for (;;)
    {
      if (likely(*buf1))
        break;
      if (buf1-- == to->buf)
      {
        /* making 'zero' with the proper scale */
        dec1 *p0= to->buf + frac0 + 1;
        to->intg=1;
        to->frac= max(scale, 0);
        to->sign= 0;
        for (buf1= to->buf; buf1<p0; buf1++)
          *buf1= 0;
        return E_DEC_OK;
      }
    }
  }

  /* Here we  check 999.9 -> 1000 case when we need to increase intg */
  first_dig= to->intg % DIG_PER_DEC1;
  if (first_dig && (*buf1 >= powers10[first_dig]))
    to->intg++;

  if (scale<0)
    scale=0;

done:
  to->frac=scale;
  return error;
}

static int do_add(const decimal_t *from1, const decimal_t *from2, decimal_t *to)
{
  int intg1=round_up(from1->intg), intg2=round_up(from2->intg),
      frac1=round_up(from1->frac), frac2=round_up(from2->frac),
      frac0=max(frac1, frac2), intg0=max(intg1, intg2), error;
  dec1 *buf1, *buf2, *buf0, *stop, *stop2, x, carry;

  sanity(to);

  /* is there a need for extra word because of carry ? */
  x=intg1 > intg2 ? from1->buf[0] :
    intg2 > intg1 ? from2->buf[0] :
    from1->buf[0] + from2->buf[0] ;
  if (unlikely(x > DIG_MAX-1)) /* yes, there is */
  {
    intg0++;
    to->buf[0]=0; /* safety */
  }

  fix_intg_frac_error(to->len, intg0, frac0, error);
  if (unlikely(error == E_DEC_OVERFLOW))
  {
    max_decimal(to->len * DIG_PER_DEC1, 0, to);
    return error;
  }

  buf0=to->buf+intg0+frac0;

  to->sign=from1->sign;
  to->frac=max(from1->frac, from2->frac);
  to->intg=intg0*DIG_PER_DEC1;
  if (unlikely(error))
  {
    set_if_smaller(to->frac, frac0*DIG_PER_DEC1);
    set_if_smaller(frac1, frac0);
    set_if_smaller(frac2, frac0);
    set_if_smaller(intg1, intg0);
    set_if_smaller(intg2, intg0);
  }

  /* part 1 - cmax(frac) ... cmin(frac) */
  if (frac1 > frac2)
  {
    buf1=from1->buf+intg1+frac1;
    stop=from1->buf+intg1+frac2;
    buf2=from2->buf+intg2+frac2;
    stop2=from1->buf+(intg1 > intg2 ? intg1-intg2 : 0);
  }
  else
  {
    buf1=from2->buf+intg2+frac2;
    stop=from2->buf+intg2+frac1;
    buf2=from1->buf+intg1+frac1;
    stop2=from2->buf+(intg2 > intg1 ? intg2-intg1 : 0);
  }
  while (buf1 > stop)
    *--buf0=*--buf1;

  /* part 2 - cmin(frac) ... cmin(intg) */
  carry=0;
  while (buf1 > stop2)
  {
    add(*--buf0, *--buf1, *--buf2, carry);
  }

  /* part 3 - cmin(intg) ... cmax(intg) */
  buf1= intg1 > intg2 ? ((stop=from1->buf)+intg1-intg2) :
                        ((stop=from2->buf)+intg2-intg1) ;
  while (buf1 > stop)
  {
    add(*--buf0, *--buf1, 0, carry);
  }

  if (unlikely(carry))
    *--buf0=1;
  assert(buf0 == to->buf || buf0 == to->buf+1);

  return error;
}

/* to=from1-from2.
   if to==0, return -1/0/+1 - the result of the comparison */
static int do_sub(const decimal_t *from1, const decimal_t *from2, decimal_t *to)
{
  int intg1=round_up(from1->intg), intg2=round_up(from2->intg),
      frac1=round_up(from1->frac), frac2=round_up(from2->frac);
  int frac0=max(frac1, frac2), error;
  dec1 *buf1, *buf2, *buf0, *stop1, *stop2, *start1, *start2, carry=0;

  /* let carry:=1 if from2 > from1 */
  start1=buf1=from1->buf; stop1=buf1+intg1;
  start2=buf2=from2->buf; stop2=buf2+intg2;
  if (unlikely(*buf1 == 0))
  {
    while (buf1 < stop1 && *buf1 == 0)
      buf1++;
    start1=buf1;
    intg1= (int) (stop1-buf1);
  }
  if (unlikely(*buf2 == 0))
  {
    while (buf2 < stop2 && *buf2 == 0)
      buf2++;
    start2=buf2;
    intg2= (int) (stop2-buf2);
  }
  if (intg2 > intg1)
    carry=1;
  else if (intg2 == intg1)
  {
    dec1 *end1= stop1 + (frac1 - 1);
    dec1 *end2= stop2 + (frac2 - 1);
    while (unlikely((buf1 <= end1) && (*end1 == 0)))
      end1--;
    while (unlikely((buf2 <= end2) && (*end2 == 0)))
      end2--;
    frac1= (int) (end1 - stop1) + 1;
    frac2= (int) (end2 - stop2) + 1;
    while (buf1 <=end1 && buf2 <= end2 && *buf1 == *buf2)
      buf1++, buf2++;
    if (buf1 <= end1)
    {
      if (buf2 <= end2)
        carry= *buf2 > *buf1;
      else
        carry= 0;
    }
    else
    {
      if (buf2 <= end2)
        carry=1;
      else /* short-circuit everything: from1 == from2 */
      {
        if (to == 0) /* decimal_cmp() */
          return 0;

        to->set_zero();

        return E_DEC_OK;
      }
    }
  }

  if (to == 0) /* decimal_cmp() */
    return carry == from1->sign ? 1 : -1;

  sanity(to);

  to->sign=from1->sign;

  /* ensure that always from1 > from2 (and intg1 >= intg2) */
  if (carry)
  {
    swap(from1, from2);
    swap(start1, start2);
    swap(intg1, intg2);
    swap(frac1, frac2);
    to->sign= 1 - to->sign;
  }

  fix_intg_frac_error(to->len, intg1, frac0, error);
  buf0=to->buf+intg1+frac0;

  to->frac=max(from1->frac, from2->frac);
  to->intg=intg1*DIG_PER_DEC1;
  if (unlikely(error))
  {
    set_if_smaller(to->frac, frac0*DIG_PER_DEC1);
    set_if_smaller(frac1, frac0);
    set_if_smaller(frac2, frac0);
    set_if_smaller(intg2, intg1);
  }
  carry=0;

  /* part 1 - cmax(frac) ... cmin(frac) */
  if (frac1 > frac2)
  {
    buf1=start1+intg1+frac1;
    stop1=start1+intg1+frac2;
    buf2=start2+intg2+frac2;
    while (frac0-- > frac1)
      *--buf0=0;
    while (buf1 > stop1)
      *--buf0=*--buf1;
  }
  else
  {
    buf1=start1+intg1+frac1;
    buf2=start2+intg2+frac2;
    stop2=start2+intg2+frac1;
    while (frac0-- > frac2)
      *--buf0=0;
    while (buf2 > stop2)
    {
      sub(*--buf0, 0, *--buf2, carry);
    }
  }

  /* part 2 - cmin(frac) ... intg2 */
  while (buf2 > start2)
  {
    sub(*--buf0, *--buf1, *--buf2, carry);
  }

  /* part 3 - intg2 ... intg1 */
  while (carry && buf1 > start1)
  {
    sub(*--buf0, *--buf1, 0, carry);
  }

  while (buf1 > start1)
    *--buf0=*--buf1;

  while (buf0 > to->buf)
    *--buf0=0;

  return error;
}

int decimal_intg(const decimal_t *from)
{
  int res;
  remove_leading_zeroes(from, &res);
  return res;
}

int decimal_add(const decimal_t *from1, const decimal_t *from2, decimal_t *to)
{
  if (likely(from1->sign == from2->sign))
    return do_add(from1, from2, to);
  return do_sub(from1, from2, to);
}

int decimal_sub(const decimal_t *from1, const decimal_t *from2, decimal_t *to)
{
  if (likely(from1->sign == from2->sign))
    return do_sub(from1, from2, to);
  return do_add(from1, from2, to);
}

int decimal_cmp(const decimal_t *from1, const decimal_t *from2)
{
  if (likely(from1->sign == from2->sign))
    return do_sub(from1, from2, 0);
  return from1->sign > from2->sign ? -1 : 1;
}

int decimal_t::isZero() const
{
  dec1 *buf1= buf,
       *end= buf1 +round_up(intg) +round_up(frac);

  while (buf1 < end)
  {
    if (*buf1++)
    {
      return 0;
    }
  }

  return 1;
}

int decimal_mul(const decimal_t *from1, const decimal_t *from2, decimal_t *to)
{
  int intg1=round_up(from1->intg), intg2=round_up(from2->intg),
      frac1=round_up(from1->frac), frac2=round_up(from2->frac),
      intg0=round_up(from1->intg+from2->intg),
      frac0=frac1+frac2, error, i, j, d_to_move;
  dec1 *buf1=from1->buf+intg1, *buf2=from2->buf+intg2, *buf0,
       *start2, *stop2, *stop1, *start0, carry;

  sanity(to);

  i=intg0;
  j=frac0;
  fix_intg_frac_error(to->len, intg0, frac0, error);
  to->sign=from1->sign != from2->sign;
  to->frac=from1->frac+from2->frac;
  to->intg=intg0*DIG_PER_DEC1;

  if (unlikely(error))
  {
    set_if_smaller(to->frac, frac0*DIG_PER_DEC1);
    set_if_smaller(to->intg, intg0*DIG_PER_DEC1);
    if (unlikely(i > intg0))
    {
      i-=intg0;
      j=i >> 1;
      intg1-= j;
      intg2-=i-j;
      frac1=frac2=0; /* frac0 is already 0 here */
    }
    else
    {
      j-=frac0;
      i=j >> 1;
      frac1-= i;
      frac2-=j-i;
    }
  }
  start0=to->buf+intg0+frac0-1;
  start2=buf2+frac2-1;
  stop1=buf1-intg1;
  stop2=buf2-intg2;

  memset(to->buf, 0, (intg0+frac0)*sizeof(dec1));

  for (buf1+=frac1-1; buf1 >= stop1; buf1--, start0--)
  {
    carry=0;
    for (buf0=start0, buf2=start2; buf2 >= stop2; buf2--, buf0--)
    {
      dec1 hi, lo;
      dec2 p= ((dec2)*buf1) * ((dec2)*buf2);
      hi=(dec1)(p/DIG_BASE);
      lo=(dec1)(p-((dec2)hi)*DIG_BASE);
      add2(*buf0, *buf0, lo, carry);
      carry+=hi;
    }
    if (carry)
    {
      if (buf0 < to->buf)
        return E_DEC_OVERFLOW;
      add2(*buf0, *buf0, 0, carry);
    }
    for (buf0--; carry; buf0--)
    {
      if (buf0 < to->buf)
        return E_DEC_OVERFLOW;
      add(*buf0, *buf0, 0, carry);
    }
  }

  /* Now we have to check for -0.000 case */
  if (to->sign)
  {
    dec1 *buf= to->buf;
    dec1 *end= to->buf + intg0 + frac0;
    assert(buf != end);
    for (;;)
    {
      if (*buf)
        break;
      if (++buf == end)
      {
        /* We got decimal zero */
        to->set_zero();
        break;
      }
    }
  }
  buf1= to->buf;
  d_to_move= intg0 + round_up(to->frac);
  while (!*buf1 && (to->intg > DIG_PER_DEC1))
  {
    buf1++;
    to->intg-= DIG_PER_DEC1;
    d_to_move--;
  }
  if (to->buf < buf1)
  {
    dec1 *cur_d= to->buf;
    for (; d_to_move--; cur_d++, buf1++)
      *cur_d= *buf1;
  }
  return error;
}

static int do_div_mod(const decimal_t *from1, const decimal_t *from2,
                       decimal_t *to, decimal_t *mod, int scale_incr)
{
  int frac1=round_up(from1->frac)*DIG_PER_DEC1, prec1=from1->intg+frac1,
      frac2=round_up(from2->frac)*DIG_PER_DEC1, prec2=from2->intg+frac2,
      error= 0, i, intg0, frac0, len1, len2, dintg, div_mod=(!mod);
  dec1 *buf0, *buf1=from1->buf, *buf2=from2->buf, *tmp1,
       *start2, *stop2, *stop1, *stop0, norm2, carry, *start1, dcarry;
  dec2 norm_factor, x, guess, y;

  if (mod)
    to=mod;

  sanity(to);

  /* removing all the leading zeroes */
  i= ((prec2 - 1) % DIG_PER_DEC1) + 1;
  while (prec2 > 0 && *buf2 == 0)
  {
    prec2-= i;
    i= DIG_PER_DEC1;
    buf2++;
  }
  if (prec2 <= 0) /* short-circuit everything: from2 == 0 */
    return E_DEC_DIV_ZERO;
  for (i= (prec2 - 1) % DIG_PER_DEC1; *buf2 < powers10[i--]; prec2--) ;
  assert(prec2 > 0);

  i=((prec1-1) % DIG_PER_DEC1)+1;
  while (prec1 > 0 && *buf1 == 0)
  {
    prec1-=i;
    i=DIG_PER_DEC1;
    buf1++;
  }
  if (prec1 <= 0)
  { /* short-circuit everything: from1 == 0 */
    to->set_zero();
    return E_DEC_OK;
  }
  for (i=(prec1-1) % DIG_PER_DEC1; *buf1 < powers10[i--]; prec1--) ;
  assert(prec1 > 0);

  /* let's fix scale_incr, taking into account frac1,frac2 increase */
  if ((scale_incr-= frac1 - from1->frac + frac2 - from2->frac) < 0)
    scale_incr=0;

  dintg=(prec1-frac1)-(prec2-frac2)+(*buf1 >= *buf2);
  if (dintg < 0)
  {
    dintg/=DIG_PER_DEC1;
    intg0=0;
  }
  else
    intg0=round_up(dintg);
  if (mod)
  {
    /* we're calculating N1 % N2.
       The result will have
         frac=cmax(frac1, frac2), as for subtraction
         intg=intg2
    */
    to->sign=from1->sign;
    to->frac=max(from1->frac, from2->frac);
    frac0=0;
  }
  else
  {
    /*
      we're calculating N1/N2. N1 is in the buf1, has prec1 digits
      N2 is in the buf2, has prec2 digits. Scales are frac1 and
      frac2 accordingly.
      Thus, the result will have
         frac = round_up(frac1+frac2+scale_incr)
      and
         intg = (prec1-frac1) - (prec2-frac2) + 1
         prec = intg+frac
    */
    frac0=round_up(frac1+frac2+scale_incr);
    fix_intg_frac_error(to->len, intg0, frac0, error);
    to->sign=from1->sign != from2->sign;
    to->intg=intg0*DIG_PER_DEC1;
    to->frac=frac0*DIG_PER_DEC1;
  }
  buf0=to->buf;
  stop0=buf0+intg0+frac0;
  if (likely(div_mod))
    while (dintg++ < 0)
      *buf0++=0;

  len1=(i=round_up(prec1))+round_up(2*frac2+scale_incr+1) + 1;
  set_if_bigger(len1, 3);
  if (!(tmp1=(dec1 *)alloca(len1*sizeof(dec1))))
    return E_DEC_OOM;
  memcpy(tmp1, buf1, i*sizeof(dec1));
  memset(tmp1+i, 0, (len1-i)*sizeof(dec1));

  start1=tmp1;
  stop1=start1+len1;
  start2=buf2;
  stop2=buf2+round_up(prec2)-1;

  /* removing end zeroes */
  while (*stop2 == 0 && stop2 >= start2)
    stop2--;
  len2= (int) (stop2++ - start2);

  /*
    calculating norm2 (normalized *start2) - we need *start2 to be large
    (at least > DIG_BASE/2), but unlike Knuth's Alg. D we don't want to
    normalize input numbers (as we don't make a copy of the divisor).
    Thus we normalize first dec1 of buf2 only, and we'll normalize *start1
    on the fly for the purpose of guesstimation only.
    It's also faster, as we're saving on normalization of buf2
  */
  norm_factor=DIG_BASE/(*start2+1);
  norm2=(dec1)(norm_factor*start2[0]);
  if (likely(len2>0))
    norm2+=(dec1)(norm_factor*start2[1]/DIG_BASE);

  if (*start1 < *start2)
    dcarry=*start1++;
  else
    dcarry=0;

  /* main loop */
  for (; buf0 < stop0; buf0++)
  {
    /* short-circuit, if possible */
    if (unlikely(dcarry == 0 && *start1 < *start2))
      guess=0;
    else
    {
      /* D3: make a guess */
      x=start1[0]+((dec2)dcarry)*DIG_BASE;
      y=start1[1];
      guess=(norm_factor*x+norm_factor*y/DIG_BASE)/norm2;
      if (unlikely(guess >= DIG_BASE))
        guess=DIG_BASE-1;
      if (likely(len2>0))
      {
        /* hmm, this is a suspicious trick - I removed normalization here */
        if (start2[1]*guess > (x-guess*start2[0])*DIG_BASE+y)
          guess--;
        if (unlikely(start2[1]*guess > (x-guess*start2[0])*DIG_BASE+y))
          guess--;
        assert(start2[1]*guess <= (x-guess*start2[0])*DIG_BASE+y);
      }

      /* D4: multiply and subtract */
      buf2=stop2;
      buf1=start1+len2;
      assert(buf1 < stop1);
      for (carry=0; buf2 > start2; buf1--)
      {
        dec1 hi, lo;
        x=guess * (*--buf2);
        hi=(dec1)(x/DIG_BASE);
        lo=(dec1)(x-((dec2)hi)*DIG_BASE);
        sub2(*buf1, *buf1, lo, carry);
        carry+=hi;
      }
      carry= dcarry < carry;

      /* D5: check the remainder */
      if (unlikely(carry))
      {
        /* D6: correct the guess */
        guess--;
        buf2=stop2;
        buf1=start1+len2;
        for (carry=0; buf2 > start2; buf1--)
        {
          add(*buf1, *buf1, *--buf2, carry);
        }
      }
    }
    if (likely(div_mod))
      *buf0=(dec1)guess;
    dcarry= *start1;
    start1++;
  }
  if (mod)
  {
    /*
      now the result is in tmp1, it has
        intg=prec1-frac1
        frac=cmax(frac1, frac2)=to->frac
    */
    if (dcarry)
      *--start1=dcarry;
    buf0=to->buf;
    intg0=(int) (round_up(prec1-frac1)-(start1-tmp1));
    frac0=round_up(to->frac);
    error=E_DEC_OK;
    if (unlikely(frac0==0 && intg0==0))
    {
      to->set_zero();
      goto done;
    }
    if (intg0<=0)
    {
      if (unlikely(-intg0 >= to->len))
      {
        to->set_zero();
        error=E_DEC_TRUNCATED;
        goto done;
      }
      stop1=start1+frac0;
      frac0+=intg0;
      to->intg=0;
      while (intg0++ < 0)
        *buf0++=0;
    }
    else
    {
      if (unlikely(intg0 > to->len))
      {
        frac0=0;
        intg0=to->len;
        error=E_DEC_OVERFLOW;
        goto done;
      }
      assert(intg0 <= round_up(from2->intg));
      stop1=start1+frac0+intg0;
      to->intg=min(intg0*DIG_PER_DEC1, from2->intg);
    }
    if (unlikely(intg0+frac0 > to->len))
    {
      stop1-=frac0+intg0-to->len;
      frac0=to->len-intg0;
      to->frac=frac0*DIG_PER_DEC1;
        error=E_DEC_TRUNCATED;
    }
    assert(buf0 + (stop1 - start1) <= to->buf + to->len);
    while (start1 < stop1)
        *buf0++=*start1++;
  }
done:
  return error;
}

int
decimal_div(const decimal_t *from1, const decimal_t *from2, decimal_t *to, int scale_incr)
{
  return do_div_mod(from1, from2, to, 0, scale_incr);
}

int decimal_mod(const decimal_t *from1, const decimal_t *from2, decimal_t *to)
{
  return do_div_mod(from1, from2, 0, to, 0);
}

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& output, const type::Decimal &dec)
{
  drizzled::String str;

  class_decimal2string(&dec, 0, &str);

  output << "type::Decimal:(";
  output <<  str.c_ptr();
  output << ")";

  return output;  // for multiple << operators.
}

} /* namespace drizzled */

#ifdef MAIN

int full= 0;
decimal_t a, b, c;
char buf1[100], buf2[100], buf3[100];

void dump_decimal(decimal_t *d)
{
  int i;
  printf("/* intg=%d, frac=%d, sign=%d, buf[]={", d->intg, d->frac, d->sign);
  for (i=0; i < round_up(d->frac)+round_up(d->intg)-1; i++)
    printf("%09d, ", d->buf[i]);
  printf("%09d} */ ", d->buf[i]);
}


void check_result_code(int actual, int want)
{
  if (actual != want)
  {
    printf("\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^ must return %d\n", want);
    exit(1);
  }
}


void print_decimal(decimal_t *d, const char *orig, int actual, int want)
{
  char s[100];
  int slen=sizeof(s);

  if (full) dump_decimal(d);
  decimal2string(d, s, &slen, 0, 0, 0);
  printf("'%s'", s);
  check_result_code(actual, want);
  if (orig && strcmp(orig, s))
  {
    printf("\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^ must've been '%s'\n", orig);
    exit(1);
  }
}

void test_d2s()
{
  char s[100];
  int slen, res;

  /***********************************/
  printf("==== decimal2string ====\n");
  a.buf[0]=12345; a.intg=5; a.frac=0; a.sign=0;
  slen=sizeof(s);
  res=decimal2string(&a, s, &slen, 0, 0, 0);
  dump_decimal(&a); printf("  -->  res=%d str='%s' len=%d\n", res, s, slen);

  a.buf[1]=987000000; a.frac=3;
  slen=sizeof(s);
  res=decimal2string(&a, s, &slen, 0, 0, 0);
  dump_decimal(&a); printf("  -->  res=%d str='%s' len=%d\n", res, s, slen);

  a.sign=1;
  slen=sizeof(s);
  res=decimal2string(&a, s, &slen, 0, 0, 0);
  dump_decimal(&a); printf("  -->  res=%d str='%s' len=%d\n", res, s, slen);

  slen=8;
  res=decimal2string(&a, s, &slen, 0, 0, 0);
  dump_decimal(&a); printf("  -->  res=%d str='%s' len=%d\n", res, s, slen);

  slen=5;
  res=decimal2string(&a, s, &slen, 0, 0, 0);
  dump_decimal(&a); printf("  -->  res=%d str='%s' len=%d\n", res, s, slen);

  a.buf[0]=987000000; a.frac=3; a.intg=0;
  slen=sizeof(s);
  res=decimal2string(&a, s, &slen, 0, 0, 0);
  dump_decimal(&a); printf("  -->  res=%d str='%s' len=%d\n", res, s, slen);
}

void test_s2d(const char *s, const char *orig, int ex)
{
  char s1[100], *end;
  int res;
  snprintf(s1, sizeof(s1), "'%s'", s);
  end= strend(s);
  printf("len=%2d %-30s => res=%d    ", a.len, s1,
         (res= string2decimal(s, &a, &end)));
  print_decimal(&a, orig, res, ex);
  printf("\n");
}

void test_d2f(const char *s, int ex)
{
  char s1[100], *end;
  double x;
  int res;

  snprintf(s1, sizeof(s1), "'%s'", s);
  end= strend(s);
  string2decimal(s, &a, &end);
  res=decimal2double(&a, &x);
  if (full) dump_decimal(&a);
  printf("%-40s => res=%d    %.*g\n", s1, res, a.intg+a.frac, x);
  check_result_code(res, ex);
}

void test_d2b2d(const char *str, int p, int s, const char *orig, int ex)
{
  char s1[100], buf[100], *end;
  int size=decimal_bin_size(p, s);

  snprintf(s1, sizeof(s1), "'%s'", str);
  end= strend(str);
  string2decimal(str, &a, &end);
  int res=decimal2bin(&a, buf, p, s);
  printf("%-31s {%2d, %2d} => res=%d size=%-2d ", s1, p, s, res, size);
  if (full)
  {
    printf("0x");
    for (int i= 0; i < size; i++)
      printf("%02x", ((unsigned char *)buf)[i]);
  }
  res=bin2decimal(buf, &a, p, s);
  printf(" => res=%d ", res);
  print_decimal(&a, orig, res, ex);
  printf("\n");
}

void test_f2d(double from, int ex)
{
  int res;

  res=double2decimal(from, &a);
  printf("%-40.*f => res=%d    ", DBL_DIG-2, from, res);
  print_decimal(&a, 0, res, ex);
  printf("\n");
}

void test_ull2d(uint64_t from, const char *orig, int ex)
{
  char s[100];
  int res;

  res=uint64_t2decimal(from, &a);
  internal::int64_t10_to_str(from,s,10);
  printf("%-40s => res=%d    ", s, res);
  print_decimal(&a, orig, res, ex);
  printf("\n");
}

void test_ll2d(int64_t from, const char *orig, int ex)
{
  char s[100];
  int res;

  res=int64_t2decimal(from, &a);
  internal::int64_t10_to_str(from,s,-10);
  printf("%-40s => res=%d    ", s, res);
  print_decimal(&a, orig, res, ex);
  printf("\n");
}

void test_d2ull(const char *s, const char *orig, int ex)
{
  char s1[100], *end;
  uint64_t x;
  int res;

  end= strend(s);
  string2decimal(s, &a, &end);
  res=decimal2uint64_t(&a, &x);
  if (full) dump_decimal(&a);
  internal::int64_t10_to_str(x,s1,10);
  printf("%-40s => res=%d    %s\n", s, res, s1);
  check_result_code(res, ex);
  if (orig && strcmp(orig, s1))
  {
    printf("\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^ must've been '%s'\n", orig);
    exit(1);
  }
}

void test_d2ll(const char *s, const char *orig, int ex)
{
  char s1[100], *end;
  int64_t x;
  int res;

  end= strend(s);
  string2decimal(s, &a, &end);
  res=decimal2int64_t(&a, &x);
  if (full) dump_decimal(&a);
  internal::int64_t10_to_str(x,s1,-10);
  printf("%-40s => res=%d    %s\n", s, res, s1);
  check_result_code(res, ex);
  if (orig && strcmp(orig, s1))
  {
    printf("\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^ must've been '%s'\n", orig);
    exit(1);
  }
}

void test_da(const char *s1, const char *s2, const char *orig, int ex)
{
  char s[100], *end;
  int res;
  snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "'%s' + '%s'", s1, s2);
  end= strend(s1);
  string2decimal(s1, &a, &end);
  end= strend(s2);
  string2decimal(s2, &b, &end);
  res=decimal_add(&a, &b, &c);
  printf("%-40s => res=%d    ", s, res);
  print_decimal(&c, orig, res, ex);
  printf("\n");
}

void test_ds(const char *s1, const char *s2, const char *orig, int ex)
{
  char s[100], *end;
  int res;
  snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "'%s' - '%s'", s1, s2);
  end= strend(s1);
  string2decimal(s1, &a, &end);
  end= strend(s2);
  string2decimal(s2, &b, &end);
  res=decimal_sub(&a, &b, &c);
  printf("%-40s => res=%d    ", s, res);
  print_decimal(&c, orig, res, ex);
  printf("\n");
}

void test_dc(const char *s1, const char *s2, int orig)
{
  char s[100], *end;
  int res;
  snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "'%s' <=> '%s'", s1, s2);
  end= strend(s1);
  string2decimal(s1, &a, &end);
  end= strend(s2);
  string2decimal(s2, &b, &end);
  res=decimal_cmp(&a, &b);
  printf("%-40s => res=%d\n", s, res);
  if (orig != res)
  {
    printf("\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^ must've been %d\n", orig);
    exit(1);
  }
}

void test_dm(const char *s1, const char *s2, const char *orig, int ex)
{
  char s[100], *end;
  int res;
  snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "'%s' * '%s'", s1, s2);
  end= strend(s1);
  string2decimal(s1, &a, &end);
  end= strend(s2);
  string2decimal(s2, &b, &end);
  res=decimal_mul(&a, &b, &c);
  printf("%-40s => res=%d    ", s, res);
  print_decimal(&c, orig, res, ex);
  printf("\n");
}

void test_dv(const char *s1, const char *s2, const char *orig, int ex)
{
  char s[100], *end;
  int res;
  snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "'%s' / '%s'", s1, s2);
  end= strend(s1);
  string2decimal(s1, &a, &end);
  end= strend(s2);
  string2decimal(s2, &b, &end);
  res=decimal_div(&a, &b, &c, 5);
  printf("%-40s => res=%d    ", s, res);
  check_result_code(res, ex);
  if (res == E_DEC_DIV_ZERO)
    printf("E_DEC_DIV_ZERO");
  else
    print_decimal(&c, orig, res, ex);
  printf("\n");
}

void test_md(const char *s1, const char *s2, const char *orig, int ex)
{
  char s[100], *end;
  int res;
  snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "'%s' %% '%s'", s1, s2);
  end= strend(s1);
  string2decimal(s1, &a, &end);
  end= strend(s2);
  string2decimal(s2, &b, &end);
  res=decimal_mod(&a, &b, &c);
  printf("%-40s => res=%d    ", s, res);
  check_result_code(res, ex);
  if (res == E_DEC_DIV_ZERO)
    printf("E_DEC_DIV_ZERO");
  else
    print_decimal(&c, orig, res, ex);
  printf("\n");
}

const char *round_mode[]=
{"TRUNCATE", "HALF_EVEN", "HALF_UP", "CEILING", "FLOOR"};

void test_ro(const char *s1, int n, decimal_round_mode mode, const char *orig,
             int ex)
{
  char s[100], *end;
  int res;
  snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "'%s', %d, %s", s1, n, round_mode[mode]);
  end= strend(s1);
  string2decimal(s1, &a, &end);
  res=decimal_round(&a, &b, n, mode);
  printf("%-40s => res=%d    ", s, res);
  print_decimal(&b, orig, res, ex);
  printf("\n");
}


void test_mx(int precision, int frac, const char *orig)
{
  char s[100];
  snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "%d, %d", precision, frac);
  max_decimal(precision, frac, &a);
  printf("%-40s =>          ", s);
  print_decimal(&a, orig, 0, 0);
  printf("\n");
}


void test_pr(const char *s1, int prec, int dec, char filler, const char *orig,
             int ex)
{
  char s[100], *end;
  char s2[100];
  int slen= sizeof(s2);
  int res;

  snprintf(s, sizeof(s), filler ? "'%s', %d, %d, '%c'" : "'%s', %d, %d, '\\0'",
          s1, prec, dec, filler);
  end= strend(s1);
  string2decimal(s1, &a, &end);
  res= decimal2string(&a, s2, &slen, prec, dec, filler);
  printf("%-40s => res=%d    '%s'", s, res, s2);
  check_result_code(res, ex);
  if (orig && strcmp(orig, s2))
  {
    printf("\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^ must've been '%s'\n", orig);
    exit(1);
  }
  printf("\n");
}


void test_sh(const char *s1, int shift, const char *orig, int ex)
{
  char s[100], *end;
  int res;
  snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "'%s' %s %d", s1, ((shift < 0) ? ">>" : "<<"), abs(shift));
  end= strend(s1);
  string2decimal(s1, &a, &end);
  res= decimal_shift(&a, shift);
  printf("%-40s => res=%d    ", s, res);
  print_decimal(&a, orig, res, ex);
  printf("\n");
}


void test_fr(const char *s1, const char *orig)
{
  char s[100], *end;
  snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "'%s'", s1);
  printf("%-40s =>          ", s);
  end= strend(s1);
  string2decimal(s1, &a, &end);
  a.frac= decimal_actual_fraction(&a);
  print_decimal(&a, orig, 0, 0);
  printf("\n");
}


int main()
{
  a.buf=(void*)buf1;
  a.len=sizeof(buf1)/sizeof(dec1);
  b.buf=(void*)buf2;
  b.len=sizeof(buf2)/sizeof(dec1);
  c.buf=(void*)buf3;
  c.len=sizeof(buf3)/sizeof(dec1);

  if (full)
    test_d2s();

  printf("==== string2decimal ====\n");
  test_s2d("12345", "12345", 0);
  test_s2d("12345.", "12345", 0);
  test_s2d("123.45", "123.45", 0);
  test_s2d("-123.45", "-123.45", 0);
  test_s2d(".00012345000098765", "0.00012345000098765", 0);
  test_s2d(".12345000098765", "0.12345000098765", 0);
  test_s2d("-.000000012345000098765", "-0.000000012345000098765", 0);
  test_s2d("1234500009876.5", "1234500009876.5", 0);
  a.len=1;
  test_s2d("123450000098765", "98765", 2);
  test_s2d("123450.000098765", "123450", 1);
  a.len=sizeof(buf1)/sizeof(dec1);
  test_s2d("123E5", "12300000", 0);
  test_s2d("123E-2", "1.23", 0);

  printf("==== decimal2double ====\n");
  test_d2f("12345", 0);
  test_d2f("123.45", 0);
  test_d2f("-123.45", 0);
  test_d2f("0.00012345000098765", 0);
  test_d2f("1234500009876.5", 0);

  printf("==== double2decimal ====\n");
  test_f2d(12345, 0);
  test_f2d(1.0/3, 0);
  test_f2d(-123.45, 0);
  test_f2d(0.00012345000098765, 0);
  test_f2d(1234500009876.5, 0);

  printf("==== uint64_t2decimal ====\n");
  test_ull2d(12345ULL, "12345", 0);
  test_ull2d(0ULL, "0", 0);
  test_ull2d(18446744073709551615ULL, "18446744073709551615", 0);

  printf("==== decimal2uint64_t ====\n");
  test_d2ull("12345", "12345", 0);
  test_d2ull("0", "0", 0);
  test_d2ull("18446744073709551615", "18446744073709551615", 0);
  test_d2ull("18446744073709551616", "18446744073", 2);
  test_d2ull("-1", "0", 2);
  test_d2ull("1.23", "1", 1);
  test_d2ull("9999999999999999999999999.000", "9999999999999999", 2);

  printf("==== int64_t2decimal ====\n");
  test_ll2d(12345LL, "-12345", 0);
  test_ll2d(1LL, "-1", 0);
  test_ll2d(9223372036854775807LL, "-9223372036854775807", 0);
  test_ll2d(9223372036854775808ULL, "-9223372036854775808", 0);

  printf("==== decimal2int64_t ====\n");
  test_d2ll("18446744073709551615", "18446744073", 2);
  test_d2ll("-1", "-1", 0);
  test_d2ll("-1.23", "-1", 1);
  test_d2ll("-9223372036854775807", "-9223372036854775807", 0);
  test_d2ll("-9223372036854775808", "-9223372036854775808", 0);
  test_d2ll("9223372036854775808", "9223372036854775807", 2);

  printf("==== do_add ====\n");
  test_da(".00012345000098765" ,"123.45", "123.45012345000098765", 0);
  test_da(".1" ,".45", "0.55", 0);
  test_da("1234500009876.5" ,".00012345000098765", "1234500009876.50012345000098765", 0);
  test_da("9999909999999.5" ,".555", "9999910000000.055", 0);
  test_da("99999999" ,"1", "100000000", 0);
  test_da("989999999" ,"1", "990000000", 0);
  test_da("999999999" ,"1", "1000000000", 0);
  test_da("12345" ,"123.45", "12468.45", 0);
  test_da("-12345" ,"-123.45", "-12468.45", 0);
  test_ds("-12345" ,"123.45", "-12468.45", 0);
  test_ds("12345" ,"-123.45", "12468.45", 0);

  printf("==== do_sub ====\n");
  test_ds(".00012345000098765", "123.45","-123.44987654999901235", 0);
  test_ds("1234500009876.5", ".00012345000098765","1234500009876.49987654999901235", 0);
  test_ds("9999900000000.5", ".555","9999899999999.945", 0);
  test_ds("1111.5551", "1111.555","0.0001", 0);
  test_ds(".555", ".555","0", 0);
  test_ds("10000000", "1","9999999", 0);
  test_ds("1000001000", ".1","1000000999.9", 0);
  test_ds("1000000000", ".1","999999999.9", 0);
  test_ds("12345", "123.45","12221.55", 0);
  test_ds("-12345", "-123.45","-12221.55", 0);
  test_da("-12345", "123.45","-12221.55", 0);
  test_da("12345", "-123.45","12221.55", 0);
  test_ds("123.45", "12345","-12221.55", 0);
  test_ds("-123.45", "-12345","12221.55", 0);
  test_da("123.45", "-12345","-12221.55", 0);
  test_da("-123.45", "12345","12221.55", 0);
  test_da("5", "-6.0","-1.0", 0);

  printf("==== decimal_mul ====\n");
  test_dm("12", "10","120", 0);
  test_dm("-123.456", "98765.4321","-12193185.1853376", 0);
  test_dm("-123456000000", "98765432100000","-12193185185337600000000000", 0);
  test_dm("123456", "987654321","121931851853376", 0);
  test_dm("123456", "9876543210","1219318518533760", 0);
  test_dm("123", "0.01","1.23", 0);
  test_dm("123", "0","0", 0);

  printf("==== decimal_div ====\n");
  test_dv("120", "10","12.000000000", 0);
  test_dv("123", "0.01","12300.000000000", 0);
  test_dv("120", "100000000000.00000","0.000000001200000000", 0);
  test_dv("123", "0","", 4);
  test_dv("0", "0", "", 4);
  test_dv("-12193185.1853376", "98765.4321","-123.456000000000000000", 0);
  test_dv("121931851853376", "987654321","123456.000000000", 0);
  test_dv("0", "987","0", 0);
  test_dv("1", "3","0.333333333", 0);
  test_dv("1.000000000000", "3","0.333333333333333333", 0);
  test_dv("1", "1","1.000000000", 0);
  test_dv("0.0123456789012345678912345", "9999999999","0.000000000001234567890246913578148141", 0);
  test_dv("10.333000000", "12.34500","0.837019036046982584042122316", 0);
  test_dv("10.000000000060", "2","5.000000000030000000", 0);

  printf("==== decimal_mod ====\n");
  test_md("234","10","4", 0);
  test_md("234.567","10.555","2.357", 0);
  test_md("-234.567","10.555","-2.357", 0);
  test_md("234.567","-10.555","2.357", 0);
  c.buf[1]=0x3ABECA;
  test_md("99999999999999999999999999999999999999","3","0", 0);
  if (c.buf[1] != 0x3ABECA)
  {
    printf("%X - overflow\n", c.buf[1]);
    exit(1);
  }

  printf("==== decimal2bin/bin2decimal ====\n");
  test_d2b2d("-10.55", 4, 2,"-10.55", 0);
  test_d2b2d("0.0123456789012345678912345", 30, 25,"0.0123456789012345678912345", 0);
  test_d2b2d("12345", 5, 0,"12345", 0);
  test_d2b2d("12345", 10, 3,"12345.000", 0);
  test_d2b2d("123.45", 10, 3,"123.450", 0);
  test_d2b2d("-123.45", 20, 10,"-123.4500000000", 0);
  test_d2b2d(".00012345000098765", 15, 14,"0.00012345000098", 0);
  test_d2b2d(".00012345000098765", 22, 20,"0.00012345000098765000", 0);
  test_d2b2d(".12345000098765", 30, 20,"0.12345000098765000000", 0);
  test_d2b2d("-.000000012345000098765", 30, 20,"-0.00000001234500009876", 0);
  test_d2b2d("1234500009876.5", 30, 5,"1234500009876.50000", 0);
  test_d2b2d("111111111.11", 10, 2,"11111111.11", 0);
  test_d2b2d("000000000.01", 7, 3,"0.010", 0);
  test_d2b2d("123.4", 10, 2, "123.40", 0);


  printf("==== decimal_cmp ====\n");
  test_dc("12","13",-1);
  test_dc("13","12",1);
  test_dc("-10","10",-1);
  test_dc("10","-10",1);
  test_dc("-12","-13",1);
  test_dc("0","12",-1);
  test_dc("-10","0",-1);
  test_dc("4","4",0);

  printf("==== decimal_round ====\n");
  test_ro("5678.123451",-4,TRUNCATE,"0", 0);
  test_ro("5678.123451",-3,TRUNCATE,"5000", 0);
  test_ro("5678.123451",-2,TRUNCATE,"5600", 0);
  test_ro("5678.123451",-1,TRUNCATE,"5670", 0);
  test_ro("5678.123451",0,TRUNCATE,"5678", 0);
  test_ro("5678.123451",1,TRUNCATE,"5678.1", 0);
  test_ro("5678.123451",2,TRUNCATE,"5678.12", 0);
  test_ro("5678.123451",3,TRUNCATE,"5678.123", 0);
  test_ro("5678.123451",4,TRUNCATE,"5678.1234", 0);
  test_ro("5678.123451",5,TRUNCATE,"5678.12345", 0);
  test_ro("5678.123451",6,TRUNCATE,"5678.123451", 0);
  test_ro("-5678.123451",-4,TRUNCATE,"0", 0);
  memset(buf2, 33, sizeof(buf2));
  test_ro("99999999999999999999999999999999999999",-31,TRUNCATE,"99999990000000000000000000000000000000", 0);
  test_ro("15.1",0,HALF_UP,"15", 0);
  test_ro("15.5",0,HALF_UP,"16", 0);
  test_ro("15.9",0,HALF_UP,"16", 0);
  test_ro("-15.1",0,HALF_UP,"-15", 0);
  test_ro("-15.5",0,HALF_UP,"-16", 0);
  test_ro("-15.9",0,HALF_UP,"-16", 0);
  test_ro("15.1",1,HALF_UP,"15.1", 0);
  test_ro("-15.1",1,HALF_UP,"-15.1", 0);
  test_ro("15.17",1,HALF_UP,"15.2", 0);
  test_ro("15.4",-1,HALF_UP,"20", 0);
  test_ro("-15.4",-1,HALF_UP,"-20", 0);
  test_ro("5.4",-1,HALF_UP,"10", 0);
  test_ro(".999", 0, HALF_UP, "1", 0);
  memset(buf2, 33, sizeof(buf2));
  test_ro("999999999", -9, HALF_UP, "1000000000", 0);
  test_ro("15.1",0,HALF_EVEN,"15", 0);
  test_ro("15.5",0,HALF_EVEN,"16", 0);
  test_ro("14.5",0,HALF_EVEN,"14", 0);
  test_ro("15.9",0,HALF_EVEN,"16", 0);
  test_ro("15.1",0,CEILING,"16", 0);
  test_ro("-15.1",0,CEILING,"-15", 0);
  test_ro("15.1",0,FLOOR,"15", 0);
  test_ro("-15.1",0,FLOOR,"-16", 0);
  test_ro("999999999999999999999.999", 0, CEILING,"1000000000000000000000", 0);
  test_ro("-999999999999999999999.999", 0, FLOOR,"-1000000000000000000000", 0);

  b.buf[0]=DIG_BASE+1;
  b.buf++;
  test_ro(".3", 0, HALF_UP, "0", 0);
  b.buf--;
  if (b.buf[0] != DIG_BASE+1)
  {
    printf("%d - underflow\n", b.buf[0]);
    exit(1);
  }

  printf("==== max_decimal ====\n");
  test_mx(1,1,"0.9");
  test_mx(1,0,"9");
  test_mx(2,1,"9.9");
  test_mx(4,2,"99.99");
  test_mx(6,3,"999.999");
  test_mx(8,4,"9999.9999");
  test_mx(10,5,"99999.99999");
  test_mx(12,6,"999999.999999");
  test_mx(14,7,"9999999.9999999");
  test_mx(16,8,"99999999.99999999");
  test_mx(18,9,"999999999.999999999");
  test_mx(20,10,"9999999999.9999999999");
  test_mx(20,20,"0.99999999999999999999");
  test_mx(20,0,"99999999999999999999");
  test_mx(40,20,"99999999999999999999.99999999999999999999");

  printf("==== decimal2string ====\n");
  test_pr("123.123", 0, 0, 0, "123.123", 0);
  test_pr("123.123", 7, 3, '0', "123.123", 0);
  test_pr("123.123", 9, 3, '0', "00123.123", 0);
  test_pr("123.123", 9, 4, '0', "0123.1230", 0);
  test_pr("123.123", 9, 5, '0', "123.12300", 0);
  test_pr("123.123", 9, 2, '0', "000123.12", 1);
  test_pr("123.123", 9, 6, '0', "23.123000", 2);

  printf("==== decimal_shift ====\n");
  test_sh("123.123", 1, "1231.23", 0);
  test_sh("123457189.123123456789000", 1, "1234571891.23123456789", 0);
  test_sh("123457189.123123456789000", 4, "1234571891231.23456789", 0);
  test_sh("123457189.123123456789000", 8, "12345718912312345.6789", 0);
  test_sh("123457189.123123456789000", 9, "123457189123123456.789", 0);
  test_sh("123457189.123123456789000", 10, "1234571891231234567.89", 0);
  test_sh("123457189.123123456789000", 17, "12345718912312345678900000", 0);
  test_sh("123457189.123123456789000", 18, "123457189123123456789000000", 0);
  test_sh("123457189.123123456789000", 19, "1234571891231234567890000000", 0);
  test_sh("123457189.123123456789000", 26, "12345718912312345678900000000000000", 0);
  test_sh("123457189.123123456789000", 27, "123457189123123456789000000000000000", 0);
  test_sh("123457189.123123456789000", 28, "1234571891231234567890000000000000000", 0);
  test_sh("000000000000000000000000123457189.123123456789000", 26, "12345718912312345678900000000000000", 0);
  test_sh("00000000123457189.123123456789000", 27, "123457189123123456789000000000000000", 0);
  test_sh("00000000000000000123457189.123123456789000", 28, "1234571891231234567890000000000000000", 0);
  test_sh("123", 1, "1230", 0);
  test_sh("123", 10, "1230000000000", 0);
  test_sh(".123", 1, "1.23", 0);
  test_sh(".123", 10, "1230000000", 0);
  test_sh(".123", 14, "12300000000000", 0);
  test_sh("000.000", 1000, "0", 0);
  test_sh("000.", 1000, "0", 0);
  test_sh(".000", 1000, "0", 0);
  test_sh("1", 1000, "1", 2);
  test_sh("123.123", -1, "12.3123", 0);
  test_sh("123987654321.123456789000", -1, "12398765432.1123456789", 0);
  test_sh("123987654321.123456789000", -2, "1239876543.21123456789", 0);
  test_sh("123987654321.123456789000", -3, "123987654.321123456789", 0);
  test_sh("123987654321.123456789000", -8, "1239.87654321123456789", 0);
  test_sh("123987654321.123456789000", -9, "123.987654321123456789", 0);
  test_sh("123987654321.123456789000", -10, "12.3987654321123456789", 0);
  test_sh("123987654321.123456789000", -11, "1.23987654321123456789", 0);
  test_sh("123987654321.123456789000", -12, "0.123987654321123456789", 0);
  test_sh("123987654321.123456789000", -13, "0.0123987654321123456789", 0);
  test_sh("123987654321.123456789000", -14, "0.00123987654321123456789", 0);
  test_sh("00000087654321.123456789000", -14, "0.00000087654321123456789", 0);
  a.len= 2;
  test_sh("123.123", -2, "1.23123", 0);
  test_sh("123.123", -3, "0.123123", 0);
  test_sh("123.123", -6, "0.000123123", 0);
  test_sh("123.123", -7, "0.0000123123", 0);
  test_sh("123.123", -15, "0.000000000000123123", 0);
  test_sh("123.123", -16, "0.000000000000012312", 1);
  test_sh("123.123", -17, "0.000000000000001231", 1);
  test_sh("123.123", -18, "0.000000000000000123", 1);
  test_sh("123.123", -19, "0.000000000000000012", 1);
  test_sh("123.123", -20, "0.000000000000000001", 1);
  test_sh("123.123", -21, "0", 1);
  test_sh(".000000000123", -1, "0.0000000000123", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", -6, "0.000000000000000123", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", -7, "0.000000000000000012", 1);
  test_sh(".000000000123", -8, "0.000000000000000001", 1);
  test_sh(".000000000123", -9, "0", 1);
  test_sh(".000000000123", 1, "0.00000000123", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", 8, "0.0123", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", 9, "0.123", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", 10, "1.23", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", 17, "12300000", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", 18, "123000000", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", 19, "1230000000", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", 20, "12300000000", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", 21, "123000000000", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", 22, "1230000000000", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", 23, "12300000000000", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", 24, "123000000000000", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", 25, "1230000000000000", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", 26, "12300000000000000", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", 27, "123000000000000000", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", 28, "0.000000000123", 2);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", -1, "12345678.998765432", 1);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", -2, "1234567.899876543", 1);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", -8, "1.234567900", 1);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", -9, "0.123456789987654321", 0);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", -10, "0.012345678998765432", 1);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", -17, "0.000000001234567900", 1);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", -18, "0.000000000123456790", 1);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", -19, "0.000000000012345679", 1);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", -26, "0.000000000000000001", 1);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", -27, "0", 1);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", 1, "1234567900", 1);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", 2, "12345678999", 1);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", 4, "1234567899877", 1);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", 8, "12345678998765432", 1);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", 9, "123456789987654321", 0);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", 10, "123456789.987654321", 2);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", 0, "123456789.987654321", 0);
  a.len= sizeof(buf1)/sizeof(dec1);

  printf("==== decimal_actual_fraction ====\n");
  test_fr("1.123456789000000000", "1.123456789");
  test_fr("1.12345678000000000", "1.12345678");
  test_fr("1.1234567000000000", "1.1234567");
  test_fr("1.123456000000000", "1.123456");
  test_fr("1.12345000000000", "1.12345");
  test_fr("1.1234000000000", "1.1234");
  test_fr("1.123000000000", "1.123");
  test_fr("1.12000000000", "1.12");
  test_fr("1.1000000000", "1.1");
  test_fr("1.000000000", "1");
  test_fr("1.0", "1");
  test_fr("10000000000000000000.0", "10000000000000000000");

  return 0;
}

#endif